The effect of tea tree oil and antifungal agents on a reporter for yeast cell integrity signalling

Straede, Andrea; Corran, Andy; Bundy, James; Heinisch, Jürgen J.

doi:10.1002/yea.1478

Cited by 61 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…However, the reduction of stiffness caused by this drug is lower than that after ethanol stress, indicating some difference in the mechanism. It is possible that in contrast to the effects of ethanol, this effect is in part counterbalanced by the activation of the CWI pathway, since it was reported by Straede et al (97) that AmB as well as other plasma membrane-interfering compounds, such as chlorpromazine and nystatin, caused an activation of this pathway. However, and in accordance with our model, it can be expected that any stretching of the plasma membrane caused, for instance, by an increase of the turgor pressure or by some organic solvents (98) might also alter the stiffness of the cell.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a Role for the Plasma Membrane in the Nanomechanical Properties of the Cell Wall as Revealed by an Atomic Force Microscopy Study of the Response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Ethanol Stress

Schiavone

Formosa-Dague

Elsztein

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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A wealth of biochemical and molecular data have been reported regarding ethanol toxicity in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, direct physical data on the effects of ethanol stress on yeast cells are almost nonexistent. This lack of information can now be addressed by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) technology. In this report, we show that the stiffness of glucosegrown yeast cells challenged with 9% (vol/vol) ethanol for 5 h was dramatically reduced, as shown by a 5-fold drop of Young's modulus. Quite unexpectedly, a mutant deficient in the Msn2/Msn4 transcription factor, which is known to mediate the ethanol stress response, exhibited a low level of stiffness similar to that of ethanol-treated wild-type cells. Reciprocally, the stiffness of yeast cells overexpressing MSN2 was about 35% higher than that of the wild type but was nevertheless reduced 3-to 4-fold upon exposure to ethanol. Based on these and other data presented herein, we postulated that the effect of ethanol on cell stiffness may not be mediated through Msn2/Msn4, even though this transcription factor appears to be a determinant in the nanomechanical properties of the cell wall. On the other hand, we found that as with ethanol, the treatment of yeast with the antifungal amphotericin B caused a significant reduction of cell wall stiffness. Since both this drug and ethanol are known to alter, albeit by different means, the fluidity and structure of the plasma membrane, these data led to the proposition that the cell membrane contributes to the biophysical properties of yeast cells. IMPORTANCEEthanol is the main product of yeast fermentation but is also a toxic compound for this process. Understanding the mechanism of this toxicity is of great importance for industrial applications. While most research has focused on genomic studies of ethanol tolerance, we investigated the effects of ethanol at the biophysical level and found that ethanol causes a strong reduction of the cell wall rigidity (or stiffness). We ascribed this effect to the action of ethanol perturbing the cell membrane integrity and hence proposed that the cell membrane contributes to the cell wall nanomechanical properties. T he yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a remarkable ethanol producer that is also very sensitive to its main fermentative product. At low to moderate concentrations (5 to 7%), ethanol mainly affects the growth rate, and at higher concentrations (Ͼ10%), it can strongly impair cell integrity, eventually leading to cell death with features of apoptosis (1). These inhibitory and toxic effects are ascribed to the fact that ethanol alters cell membrane fluidity and dissipates the transmembrane electrochemical potential, thereby creating permeability to ionic species and causing leakage of metabolites (2). Recent works using lipidomic methodologies confirmed the relationship between the composition of lipids, notably ergosterol and unsaturated fatty acids, and ethanol tolerance (3, 4). Moreover, as it diffuses freely into cells, ethanol at high concen...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a Role for the Plasma Membrane in the Nanomechanical Properties of the Cell Wall as Revealed by an Atomic Force Microscopy Study of the Response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Ethanol Stress

Schiavone

Formosa-Dague

Elsztein

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The induced conformational changes could then be transmitted to the cytoplasmic tails, allowing the intracellular response to be triggered. Several observations support this hypothesis: (a) drugs affecting either the cell wall polysaccharide composition (such as Calcofluor white and Congo red) or the plasma membrane (such as chlorpromazine or tea tree oil) have been shown to activate the CWI pathway [50]; (b) mutants with a defective O-mannosylation of the sensors (and of other secreted cell wall proteins) display the typical cell lysis phenotypes of CWI pathway mutants [32]; (c) biophysical evidence from determination of the mechanics of single molecules measured in vivo by atomic force microscopy (AFM) suggests that the STR region confers a nanospring structure to the Wsc1 sensor, consistent with a rigid connection between the TMD and the CRD [9]. In fact, the authors found that a lower degree of mannosylation or the insertion of non-mannosylated glycine residues within the STR region abolished the nanospring properties.…”

Section: Sensor Structure and Mechanicsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Yeast strains with a wsc1 deletion are temperature-sensitive and hypersensitive to drugs interfering with the cell wall (Calcofluour white, Congo red or glucan synthase inhibitory echinocandins, such as Caspofungin) or with the plasma membrane (chlorpromazine and tea tree oil [22,50]), whereas wsc2 and wsc3 single and double deletions are hardly affected [55,61]. On the other hand, mid2 deletions are hypersensitive to pheromone treatment and hyperresistant to Calcofluor white and tea tree oil [42,50]. It was proposed that Wsc1 would act primarily during vegetative growth, whereas Mid2 would be more involved in the mating response, with some functional overlap [42].…”

Section: Sensor Distribution and Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Together we are strong—cell wall integrity sensors in yeasts

Rodicio

Heinisch

2010

Yeast

Self Cite

105

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The integrity of the fungal cell wall is ensured by a signal transduction pathway, the so-called CWI pathway, which has best been studied in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this context, environmental stress and other perturbations at the cell surface are detected by a small set of plasma membrane-spanning sensors, viz. Wsc1, Wsc2, Wsc3, Mid2 and Mtl1. This review covers the recent advances in sensor structure, sensor mechanics, their cellular distribution and their in vivo functions, obtained from genetic, biochemical, cell biological and biophysical investigations.

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“…Böylece bu maddeler su ile hücreye girer, hücre membranının stabilizasyonunu bozmaktadır ve olay akışı osmotik şok ile sonuçlanmaktadır. 58 …”

Section: çAy Ağaci Yaği(tea Tree Oġl)unclassified

Di̇ş Heki̇mli̇ği̇nde Kullanilan Bazi Bi̇tki̇leri̇n Anti̇bakteri̇yal Ve Anti̇fungal Etki̇leri̇

Ercan¹,

Gülal²

2015

Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi

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Oral diseases, including dental caries, periodontal disease, and tooth loss, affect the majority of the population and can affect a person's overall health. Nature plays an important role as a source of new antibacterial and antifungal substances that can be used in the prevention of caries and fungal infection. Many antibacterial agents have been developed against dental caries. However, they lack the qualities of an ideal agent. Thus presently, antibacterial activity of herbal agents is being extensively studied. Plants have been used for centuries to improve dental health and to promote oral hygiene. Antibacterial and antifungal effects of some plants have been proved as well. This review discusses chemical composition and usage of these plants as well as their influence on oral health with pearls and pitfulls.

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The effect of tea tree oil and antifungal agents on a reporter for yeast cell integrity signalling

Cited by 61 publications

References 69 publications

Evidence for a Role for the Plasma Membrane in the Nanomechanical Properties of the Cell Wall as Revealed by an Atomic Force Microscopy Study of the Response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Ethanol Stress

Evidence for a Role for the Plasma Membrane in the Nanomechanical Properties of the Cell Wall as Revealed by an Atomic Force Microscopy Study of the Response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Ethanol Stress

Together we are strong—cell wall integrity sensors in yeasts

Di̇ş Heki̇mli̇ği̇nde Kullanilan Bazi Bi̇tki̇leri̇n Anti̇bakteri̇yal Ve Anti̇fungal Etki̇leri̇

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