The Effect of Tap Water, Carbonated Water, Sodium Bicarbonate, and Calcium Chloride on Blood Acid-Base Balance in Cockerels Subjected to Heat Stress

Abstract

Twenty Hubbard cockerels each weighing 2.4 kg were surgically fitted with plastic cannulae in the carotid artery and crop. A solution of either tap water (TW), carbonated water (CW), 2% sodium bicarbonate (HCO3-), or 3.5% calcium chloride (CaCl2) with pH of 7.8, 5.2, 8.0, and 7.4, respectively, was infused into the crop at .41 ml X min-1 X kg body weight (BW)-1. Blood pH, carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2), and respiratory rate (RR) were measured at 15-min intervals during a 90-min thermoneutral period (25 C) followed by a 90-min heat stress (37 C). Polypnea occurred in all treatments in the 37 C environment. Infusion of HCO3- increased blood pH throughout the thermoneutral and heat stress periods, and CaCl2 infusion decreased blood pH throughout the experimental periods. At thermoneutral temperature, TW and CW infusions did not affect blood pH or PCO2. During heat stress, blood pH increased in TW and CW treatments; change and final pH were significantly lower (P less than .05) for CW- compared with TW-infused birds. Although blood PCO2 decreased in all treatments with the imposition of heat stress, blood PCO2 was significantly greater (P less than .05) in birds infused with HCO3- at the end of the heat-stress period. The results demonstrate that CW treatment produced a more favorable acid-base balance during acute heat stress than TW by reducing blood pH change during thermal polypnea. Also, high levels of NaHCO3 and CaCl2 intake can produce abnormal acid-base equilibrium conditions during the heat stress-induced respiratory alkalosis.

The effects of diet supplemented with sodium bicarbonate upon blood pH, blood gases and eggshell quality in laying geese

“…This means that the required HCO 3 -in the blood was obtained from NaHCO 3 in the diet. In laying hens, similar results were also reported previously (Junqueira et al, 1984;Bo�je and Harrison, 1985;Glahn et al, 1988;Squires and Julion, 2001).…”

“…A number of workers reported that NaHCO 3 (as supplementation or infusion) increased the blood pH (Junqueira et al, 1984;Bo�je and Harrison, 1985;Glahn et al, 1988;Squires and Julian, 2001). Of these, the former workers also reported that the blood base excess (BE-B), HCO 3 -and CO 2 levels were markedly increased following the NaHCO 3 supplementation.…”

Effect of Electrolytic Material Feeding on Blood and Carcass Traits of Broiler under Intense Heat Condition in Summer

“…육계의 경우도 병아리 때는 높은 온도에서도 잘 견디지만 성계가 될 경우 35℃ 이상 상승하게 되면 더위로 인한 쇠약 상태로 이어져, 고온 환경에 대해 적절한 대처를 하지 않으면 폐사에 이르 게 된다. 연구자들에 의하면 닭의 고온 스트레스를 완화시 키기 위해서 음수 및 사료 중에 NaCl을 추가 (Teeter et al, 1985;Teeter and Smith, 1986)하거나 NaHCO 3 와 같은 산-염기 조절 기능의 전해질 제재를 사료 및 음수에 첨가 (Bottje and Harrison, 1985;Balnave and Gorman, 1993;Balnave and Muheereza, 1997;Hayat et al, 1999)하였다. Borges(1997) 는 하절기 고온 스트레스를 감소시키는 효과가 있는 것으 로 알려진 소금과 같은 전해질을 소개하고 있으며, Teeter (1977)는 Na + , K + 그리고 Cl  등은 혈액이나 조직의 pH나 산염기의 균형에 관여하는 강력한 이온들로 소개하고 있 다.…”

“…Deyhim and Teeter Means ± standard deviation in same column with different superscripts are significantly different (p<0.05). (Odam et al, 1982;Bottje et al, 1983;Bottje and Harrison, 1985;Teeter et al, 1985;Teeter and Smith, 1986 Bottje and Harrison(1985) …”

Efeito da temperatura sobre o desempenho e a qualidade dos ovos de codornas japonesas

“…Paralelamente ao aumento da temperatura corporal e da frequência respiratória, processos fisiológicos são ativados com a finalidade de aumentar a dissipação de calor e reduzir a produção metabólica de calor para manutenção da homeotermia corporal (Yahav et al, 2005). Bottje & Harrison (1985) e Furlan et al (1999) cada parcela e expresso em gramas por ave por dia.…”