The Effect of Swimming Training with Cinnamon Consumption on β3-AR and ERK2 Gene Expression in the Visceral Adipose Tissue of Diabetic Rats

Abstract

Background: β3-AR is an important factor involved in the activation of ERK protein signaling cascade, which can positively contribute to the regulation of adipose tissue metabolism and its conversion into brown adipose tissue. Diabetes mellitus can lead to dysfunction of these factors. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the effect of swimming training combined with cinnamon consumption on β3-AR and ERK2 gene expression in the visceral adipose tissue from diabetic rats. Methods: In this experimental-fundamental study, 35 male Wistar rats (mean weight: 200 ± 20 g) were selected and randomly assigned into four groups after the induction of diabetes by streptozotocin. These groups included: (1) healthy control, (2) control, (3) swimming, (4) cinnamon, and (5) swimming cinnamon (n = 7 in each group). The training groups were put through a five-days-a-week workout for four weeks according to the training protocol. Gene expression levels were measured by in vitro real-time PCR. The collected data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. Results: The expression levels of β3-AR and ERK2 protein genes in the visceral adipose tissue of diabetic rats (P = 0.0001) were significantly affected by swimming training and cinnamon consumption. Conclusions: It was shown that cinnamon supplementation may have increased β3-AR levels, which was more effective than training, while training had a greater effect on ERK2 levels and increased them. Therefore, it was concluded that cinnamon consumption combined with training may have greatly contributed to the conversion of white adipose into brown adipose tissues.

Vitamin D improves the antidiabetic effectiveness of aerobic training via modulation of Akt, PEPCK, and G6Pase expression

“…After 2 weeks of adaptation to the new environment, rats in the diabetic groups were fed High-Fat Diet in the form of pellets [HFD; a mixture of standard mouse food powder (365 mg/kg), yeast powder (1 mg/kg), mixed vitamins and minerals (60 mg/kg), sheep fat (310 mg/kg), chloride Sodium (1 mg/kg), and DL-methionine (3 mg/kg) (purchased from Beh-Parvar Company)] to induce obesity for 2 weeks [ 21 , 22 ]. Diabetes was induced in rats by injecting nicotinamide solution (110 mg/kg body weight) and streptozotocin solution (50 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in citrate buffer (pH = 4.5) after weight increase (above 300 g).…”

Effects of aerobic training and vitamin D supplementation on glycemic indices and adipose tissue gene expression in type 2 diabetic rats

“…Animals were maintained under a 12-h light/dark cycle, temperature of 25 ± 2 °C, and 45–55% humidity. All animals had free access to special food and water in a 500 ml bottles 16 , 24 ; the ethical principles of working with laboratory animals were considered in the present study.…”

“…In the first week, the low voltage electric stimulus was used along with the sound stimulus. Then, only the sound stimulus was used considering the ethical guidelines of working with laboratory animals 16 , 24 (Fig. 1 ).…”