The Effect of Surfactants on the Stability of Sodium Hypochlorite Preparations

Guastalli, Andrea R.; Clarkson, Roger M.; Rossi‐Fedele, Giampiero

doi:10.1016/j.joen.2015.03.009

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“… 3 , 12 , 15 , 26 - 28 Ca(OCl) 2 and NaOCl are strongly alkaline solutions. 3 , 15 , 18 , 26 Even though the surfactants showed a lower pH than Ca(OCl) 2 and NaOCl, their addition to the solutions did not alter their pH, agreeing with other study. 18 This could be related to the lower concentration of surfactants compared to Ca(OCl) 2 and NaOCl (two and three orders of magnitude lower for cetrimide and BAK, respectively).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The titration results showed that surfactant addition did not alter Ca(OCl) 2 and NaOCl free chlorine content, as already described for NaOCl solutions. 16 , 18 , 27 This could be explained by the low concentration of surfactants used in this study, which would not be able to affect chlorine concentration of Ca(OCl) 2 and NaOCl. In addition, the titration results showed that all hypochlorite solutions prepared had a higher amount of chlorine than 2.5%, demonstrating the importance of the thiosulphate titration method to know the actual hypochlorite concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The addition of surfactants to NaOCl as an alternative to decrease their high surface tension has been reported in the past. 9 , 12 , 16 , 18 Furthermore, previous studies have shown bactericidal activity even when surfactants were used 19 , 20 . However, there are no data concerning the effect of the addition of surfactants to Ca(OCl) 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of surfactants addition on the properties of calcium hypochlorite solutions

et al. 2019

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ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of surfactants 0.2% or 0.1% cetrimide (Cet) or 0.008% benzalkonium chloride (BAK) on 2.5% calcium hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)2), and compare to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), regarding the properties of pH, free chlorine content, surface tension, contact angle, pulp dissolution and antimicrobial activity.Material and MethodsThe pH and free chlorine content were evaluated by digital pHmeter and by titration, respectively. Surface tension was measured by the platinum ring technique with a Du Noüy tensiometer. The solution's contact angle in human dentin surfaces was checked by Drop Shape Analyzer software. Bovine pulps were used for pulp dissolution analysis and the dissolving capacity was expressed by percent weight loss. Antimicrobial activity over Enterococcus faecalis was evaluated by the agar diffusion method.ResultsSurfactants addition to Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl did not alter the pH, free chlorine content and pulp dissolution properties. Ca(OCl)2 had the highest surface tension among all tested solutions. When surfactants were added to Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl, there was a significant reduction of surface tension and contact angle values. The addition of 0.2% or 0.1% Cet enhanced antimicrobial activity of both Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl.ConclusionSurfactant addition to 2.5% Ca(OCl)2 has shown acceptable outcomes for pH, free chlorine content, surface tension, contact angle, pulp dissolution and antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the addition of 0.2% Cet showed better results for all tested properties.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of surfactants addition on the properties of calcium hypochlorite solutions

et al. 2019

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“…In this study, Optiray was used as a contrast medium, because it is a sterile, non-pyrogenic, aqueous, non-ionic, and water-soluble solution. It is worth mentioning that the viscosity of 5.25% NaOCl stated by Guastalli et al (12) and Gopikrishna et al (13) was not identical to the viscosity of Optiray TM 320 (Ioversol) stated by Seeliger et al (14). However, since the viscosity of Optiray TM 320 was higher than that of 5.25% NaOCl, this assumes that the penetration depth measured was not influenced by this difference and assures the potential of the irrigation techniques used to deliver the irrigant to the apex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

In Vitro Comparative Efficacy of Two Techniques for Irrigant Delivery in Curved Root Canals

Helmy

Mokhless

Backly

2016

Alexandria Dental Journal

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INTRODUCTION: One of the goals of conventional endodontic treatment is to minimize the amount of irritants that could be present inside the root canal system. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to evaluate irrigant delivery using two different techniques in curved canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mesiobuccal canals of 20 human extracted mandibular first molars were divided into two groups (n=10); Group (I) conventional syringe with side vented needle, Group (II) sonic irrigation (EndoActivator system). Contrast medium (OptirayTM 320, Mallinckrodt Inc. Hazelwood, MO, USA) was injected before, during and after canal preparation. All canals were prepared using Revo-S rotary system till reaching file AS35 using 5.25% NaOCl as an irrigant during instrumentation. Standardized preoperative, operative and postoperative digital radiographs were taken. The distance between full working length and the point of maximum irrigant penetration was measured using image editing software (DBS Win 5.3.1 and Image J). Data were then recorded and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Sonic irrigation showed a statistical significant difference over the conventional needle and syringe group in increasing the depth of penetration of the contrast medium. CONCLUSIONS: the use of EndoActivator in irrigation had a superior effect in increasing the depth of penetration of irrigant when compared to conventional needle and syringe.

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“…This property is related to the contact angle, whose measurement may provide a better understanding of the interaction between solids and liquids, and, consequently, irrigant wettability [7]. It has been reported that the addition of surfactants can decrease NaOCl surface tension, contact angle and improve its penetration into the root canal system [3,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. However, there is still no definitive consensus regarding the improvement of the NaOCl penetration into dentinal tubules, since some studies did not report this effect [5,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity and penetration into dentinal tubules of sodium hypochlorite with and without surfactants

et al. 2020

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity and penetration into dentinal tubules of ChlorCid™ Surf (3% sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl] with surfactant) in comparison to ChlorCid™ (3% NaOCl without surfactant). Materials and Methods: The physicochemical properties evaluated were pH, surface tension, free available chlorine (FAC) and contact angle. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in L929 fibroblasts exposed to the solutions by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and neutral red assays. Assessment of penetration into dentinal tubules was performed by staining single-rooted permanent human teeth with crystal violet (n = 9), which were irrigated with the solutions and analyzed in cervical, middle and apical segments. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post-test, 2-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's post-test or t-test (α = 0.05). Results: ChlorCid™ Surf and ChlorCid™ FAC values were close to those indicated by the manufacturer. ChlorCid™ Surf showed lower surface tension and contact angle on dentin, and higher pH than ChlorCid™ (p < 0.05). The penetration of ChlorCid™ Surf was higher in cervical and middle segments, compared with ChlorCid™ (p < 0.05). There was no difference in irrigant cytotoxicity (p > 0.05). Conclusions: ChlorCid™ Surf showed lower surface tension, lower contact angle on root canal dentin, higher penetration into dentinal tubules and more alkaline pH, compared with ChlorCid™. However, both solutions showed similar cytotoxicity and FAC content.

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The Effect of Surfactants on the Stability of Sodium Hypochlorite Preparations

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Influence of surfactants addition on the properties of calcium hypochlorite solutions

Influence of surfactants addition on the properties of calcium hypochlorite solutions

In Vitro Comparative Efficacy of Two Techniques for Irrigant Delivery in Curved Root Canals

Physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity and penetration into dentinal tubules of sodium hypochlorite with and without surfactants

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