The Effect of Surfactants on the Deliquescence of Sodium Chloride

Chen, Ying-Yuan; Lee, Whei‐May Grace

doi:10.1081/ese-100102620

Cited by 21 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The effects of such relatively insoluble organic coatings on the hygroscopic properties of marine aerosols are not well understood. Some studies find organic coatings impact the hygroscopic properties of NaCl particles [e.g., Chen and Lee , 2001], and others find little to no impact [e.g., Wagner et al , 1996]. The “splatter zone” surrounding the NaCl particle in Figure 5 could indicate the former presence of an organic coating.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hygroscopic behavior of NaCl‐bearing natural aerosol particles using environmental transmission electron microscopy

et al. 2007

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[1] We used conventional and environmental transmission electron microscopes to determine morphology, composition, and water uptake of individual natural inorganic aerosol particles collected from industrial pollution plumes and from clean and polluted marine environments. Five particle types are described in detail. They range from relatively insoluble mineral grains to internally mixed particles containing NaCl with other soluble or relatively insoluble material. We studied the hygroscopic behavior of these particles from 0 to 100% relative humidity (RH). Relatively insoluble materials do not take up water over the experimental RH range. Single crystals of NaCl from both natural and laboratory sources have a well-defined deliquescence point of approximately 76% RH at 291 K. NaCl-bearing aggregate particles appear to deliquesce between 74 and 76% RH (same RH within error) when NaCl is internally mixed with relatively insoluble phases, but the particles deliquesce at lower RH when aggregated with other soluble phases such as NaNO 3 . For all NaCl-bearing particles studied, hygroscopic growth is pronounced above 76% RH, and water uptake by the particles is dominated by the soluble phase. Furthermore, the soluble phase initiating deliquescence controls the locus of further hygroscopic growth of the aggregate particle. Our results demonstrate that composition and mixing state affect water uptake of natural aerosol particles. Furthermore, internally mixed particles are confirmed to deliquesce at lower RH values than predicted from the individual components.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hygroscopic behavior of NaCl‐bearing natural aerosol particles using environmental transmission electron microscopy

et al. 2007

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“…Whether such layers actually existed on the nuclei of the cloud droplets sampled with the cloud water impactor cannot be decided, but at least a theoretical possibility exists. If contiguous organic surface layers exist on at least some CCN, they might retard the growth of haze droplets under unsaturated conditions (see, e.g., the experimental study by Chen and Lee [2001]) as well as have an effect on CDN activation. Such a kinetic limitation by surface films was already suggested by Winiwarter et al [1994].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface tension of Rax cloud water and its relation to the concentration of organic material

et al. 2002

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[1] During an intensive field campaign at a midlevel (1640 m above sea level) mountain in central Europe, cloud water samples were collected using a cloud water sampler and subsequently analyzed for organic and inorganic ions, total carbon (TC), and black carbon (BC). Cloud water surface tension (s) was measured using the ring method. Generally, the cloud water samples had surface tensions lower than that of pure water. The average value of s was 95.2% of the s of water, while the lowest value was 83.3%. A trend of lower s with higher concentrations of organic material (OC, obtained as TC-BC) was found at lower OC concentrations than those previously described [Charlson et al., 2001;Facchini et al., 1999a]. The effect of the lower s on cloud droplet activation was modeled using Köhler theory. For an assumed dry sulphate nucleus with 0.05 mm diameter, the critical supersaturation would be decreased by 7% (average s) and by 22% for minimum s.

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“…These results show that there may be a relationship between the concentration of either PHg or RGM and RH. The deliquescence point of NaCl is at 75 % RH (Chen and Lee, 2001), which could indicate that these particles would have absorbed water, grown to where they could be more readily removed from the air at this point, are too large to be sampled (> 2.5 µm) or have reached a point where RGM is less likely to partition onto the sea salt and remain in the air. Air temperature can also play a role in the frequency of AMDEs (Cole and Steffen, 2010).…”

Section: Mercury Meteorology and Sea Icementioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric mercury over sea ice during the OASIS-2009 campaign

et al. 2013

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Measurements of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) and particulate mercury (PHg) were collected on the Beaufort Sea ice near Barrow, Alaska, in March 2009 as part of the Ocean-Atmosphere-Sea Ice-Snowpack (OASIS) and OASIS-Canada International Polar Year programmes. These results represent the first atmospheric mercury speciation measurements collected on the sea ice. Concentrations of PHg averaged 393.5 pg m⁻³ (range 47.1–900.1 pg m⁻³) and RGM concentrations averaged 30.1 pg m⁻³ (range 3.5–105.4 pg m⁻³) during the two-week-long study. The mean concentration of GEM during the study was 0.59 ng m⁻³ (range 0.01–1.51 ng m⁻³) and was depleted compared to annual Arctic ambient boundary layer concentrations. It is shown that when ozone (O₃) and bromine oxide (BrO) chemistry were active there is a positive linear relationship between GEM and O₃, a negative one between PHg and O₃, a positive correlation between RGM and BrO, and none between RGM and O₃. For the first time, GEM was measured simultaneously over the tundra and the sea ice. The results show a significant difference in the magnitude of the emission of GEM from the two locations, with significantly higher emission over the tundra. Elevated chloride levels in snow over sea ice are proposed to be the cause of lower GEM emissions over the sea ice because chloride has been shown to suppress photoreduction processes of RGM to GEM in snow. Since the snowpack on sea ice retains more mercury than inland snow, current models of the Arctic mercury cycle may greatly underestimate atmospheric deposition fluxes because they are based predominantly on land-based measurements. Land-based measurements of atmospheric mercury deposition may also underestimate the impacts of sea ice changes on the mercury cycle in the Arctic. The predicted changes in sea ice conditions and a more saline future snowpack in the Arctic could enhance retention of atmospherically deposited mercury and increase the amount of mercury entering the Arctic Ocean and coastal ecosystems

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The Effect of Surfactants on the Deliquescence of Sodium Chloride

Cited by 21 publications

References 19 publications

Hygroscopic behavior of NaCl‐bearing natural aerosol particles using environmental transmission electron microscopy

Hygroscopic behavior of NaCl‐bearing natural aerosol particles using environmental transmission electron microscopy

Surface tension of Rax cloud water and its relation to the concentration of organic material

Atmospheric mercury over sea ice during the OASIS-2009 campaign

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