The effect of surfactant on evaporative heat transfer in vertical film flow

Boiling phenomena with surfactants and polymeric additives: A state-of-the-art review

“…Frost and Kippenhan [32] also found that more boiling sites were nucleated and bubble growth was lower and thus flow boiling heat transfer was enhanced with Ultra wet 60L. Similar results have been obtained by Shah and Darby [33], Shibayama et al [34], Chang et al [35], Hetsroni et al [87,88] and Klein et al [89]. Especially, Klein et al [89] seem to be the first to study flow boiling with surfactants in microchannels, which combined both the heat transfer enhancement by the addition of surfactants and flow boiling heat transfer in microchannel (micro-scale heat transfer).…”

“…Studies have focused particularly on nucleate pool boiling of various aqueous additive solutions although there are some studies on flow boiling with additives. Wu et al [22] provided a literature review on both pool boiling [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] and flow boiling [32][33][34][35] with surfactant additives. The latest papers cited in their review were up to 1993.…”

Experiments on adding a surfactant to water drops boiling on a hot surface

“…However, subsequent attempts to correlate variation in heat transfer with surface tension produced contradictory results. Shah & Darby (1973) have shown that if experimentally measured nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficients are related to surface tension by an equation of the form…”

“…They proposed a new model of flow boiling to explain their experimental results. Shah & Darby (1973) added a surfactant to water films flowing on heated vertical plates and discovered that heat transfer coefficients increased linearly with surfactant concentration. The increase in heat transfer could not be correlated with changes in surface tension and was attributed to foaming in the liquid.…”

Enhancement of R123 pool boiling by addition of hydrocarbons

“…Most of the work on liquid additives has been in surfactants for aqueous solutions (Jontz and Myers (1960), Shah and Darby (1973) and Wu et al (1995)). Carey (1992) and Rosen (1978) describe how surfactants reduce the surface tension of water.…”