The effect of supragingival glycine air polishing on periodontitis during maintenance therapy: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

BackgroundGlycine air polishing has been proved to be safe, comfortable and time-saving. Whether it could substitute ultrasonic scaling to remove dental plaque biofilm during periodontal maintenance remains unclear. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effect of supragingival glycine air polishing (SGAP) on the subgingival periodontal pathogens during maintenance therapy and to check the association of periodontal pathogens and clinical parameters.MethodsTwenty-three chronic periodontitis patients during their maintenance therapy were enrolled in the 12-week study. According to randomized split-mouth design, the test side was treated with SGAP (65 μm), while the control side was treated with supragingival ultrasonic scaling and polishing (SUSP) with rubber cup. Clinical examination including plaque index (PLI), probing depth (PD), bleeding index (BI) were performed at baseline and 12 weeks post-treatment. Sampling of the subgingival plaque at each investigational site (mesiobuccal site of the mandibular first molar) was performed at baseline and 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks after maintenance treatment. Four periodontal pathogens including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola and Fusobacterium nucleatum were detected by 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction.ResultsClinical status generally improved after treatment in both groups. PLI in both groups, PD in SGAP group and bleeding on probing (%) in SUSP group significantly decreased after treatment (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference of clinical parameters between two groups before and after treatment. The detection rates of P. gingivalis, T. denticola in both groups, T. forsythia in SUSP group and F. nucleatum in SGAP group decreased after maintenance treatment in both groups, although no significant difference was found, and it rebound to baseline level at 12 weeks after maintenance treatment. There was no significant difference between SGAP group and SUSP group at any time point. T. denticola-positive sites had significantly greater BI than T. denticola-negative sites (p < 0.05).DiscussionSupragingival glycine air polishing had a reliable effect in removing subgingival dental plaque biofilm during maintenance period, and three months may be a proper maintenance interval for pockets not more than 5 mm.

Microbiome in maintained periodontitis and its shift over a single maintenance interval of 3 months

“…Both US and AP demonstrated decrease of the proportion of pathogenic microbiota and increase of the proportion of commensal microbiota after treatment, which was consistent with previous studies tested by checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization (Kargas, Tsalikis, Sakellari, Menexes, & Konstantinidis, ; Wennstrom et al, ). Bacteria recolonized after treatment and returned to the pre‐treatment level 12 weeks after treatment, which is similar to that reported before (Lu et al, ; Reinhardt et al, ). As for metabolic pathways, the advanced bacterial activities and pathogenic functions also have significantly decreased after maintenance treatment, while relative abundance of basic cell mobility increased which demonstrated less pathogenic to periodontal tissue.…”

“…The genomic DNA of bacteria was isolated as previously described (Lu et al, ). 16S rRNA gene V3‐V4 was amplified using 338F/806R universal primer.…”

“…The left half-mouth and the right half-mouth were divided into the US group and AP group according to a computer-generated randomized number. Clinical interventions were performed as previously described (Lu, He, Zhao, & Meng, 2018).…”

Subgingival air-polishing treatment in patients with aggressive periodontitis

“…Persons suffering from aggressive periodontitis have disorders of the function of neutrophil granulocytes and monocytes 5 . It is believed that the greatest potential in causing periodontal diseases is found in the following bacteria: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Treponema denticola (Td), as confirmed by numerous studies [6][7][8][9][10] . These bacteria are designated as putative periodontal pathogens [11][12][13] .…”

Periodontal maintenance with erythritol air polisher versus the use of ultrasound and gracey curettes in patients with brackets

“…La instrumentación de las superficies radiculares en pacientes portadores de brackets es compleja e inefectiva al 100%, además no es agradable para el paciente, lo que en la mayoría de los casos hace que el paciente no acuda con la periodicidad necesaria y pautada por el periodoncista para realizar esa eliminación del biofilm oral (Müller et al, 2017). Por ello, existen nuevas técnicas menos invasivas y de mayor confort para el paciente a base de un polvo descontaminante de partícula muy fina, 14 micras, con eritritol y clorhexidina aplicado mediante aeropulidor que no resulta lesiva para las superficies dentales ni la mucosa oral (Camboni y Donnet, 2016;Matsubara et al, 2020;Lu et al, 2018).…”