The effect of suppressing and not accepting emotions on depressive symptoms: Is suppression different for men and women?

Expressive suppression and financial risk taking: A mediated moderation model

“…However, the anticipated emotion finally led to different levels of financial risk taking. In another study investigating the relationship between emotion regulation and depression, suppression was only related to depression in male samples, although women experienced more symptoms of depression (Flynn, Hollenstein, & Mackey, 2010).…”

Emotion regulation and depressive symptoms: Examining the mediation effects of school connectedness in Chinese late adolescents

“…Results indicated that males reported more habitual use of suppression than females, representing a common trend of suppression (Flynn, Hollenstein, & Mackey, 2010;Gross & John, 2003). Inconsistent with existing literature regarding school connectedness (Anderman, 2002;Hagborg, 1994), males perceived lower levels of school connectedness.…”

“…Finally, it was detected that the significant SeB chi-square difference disappeared only when the path coefficient from suppression to depression was released (Model 3), DSeB scaled c 2 ¼ 6.73, df ¼ 5, p > .05, DCFI < .01, indicated that the association between suppression and depressive symptoms was not invariant across gender. This is consistent with the argument of Flynn et al (2010) that gender could moderate the suppressionedepression link and suppression may be more useful in explaining depressive symptoms in boys than in girls. Structural equivalence demonstrates that the relationships between latent variables are similar across gender except for the link between suppression and depressive symptoms.…”

Sympathetic and parasympathetic responses to social stress across adolescence

“…Although there are various strategies that adolescents may use to regulate emotions, in the present study we focused on two commonly used measures of late adolescent and adult emotion regulation: expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal (Gross, 1998(Gross, , 2002 that have been reliably measured in early to mid-adolescence (Gullone, Hughes, King, & Tonge, 2010;Watson, 2007). Suppression refers to efforts to actively control emotional expressivity and is associated with negative social consequences (Butler et al, 2003), negative emotionality (Butler, Lee, & Gross, 2007), depressive symptoms (Flynn, Hollenstein, & Mackey, 2010;Gross & John, 2003), greater SNS activity (Lam, Dickerson, Zoccola, & Zaldivar, 2009), and less success in actually regulating emotions (Butler et al, 2003). The strategy of reappraisal includes thinking about a situation in different ways to reduce negative emotional reactivity and is associated with better adjustment and well-being (Flynn et al, 2010;Gross & John, 2003).…”

“…Suppression refers to efforts to actively control emotional expressivity and is associated with negative social consequences (Butler et al, 2003), negative emotionality (Butler, Lee, & Gross, 2007), depressive symptoms (Flynn, Hollenstein, & Mackey, 2010;Gross & John, 2003), greater SNS activity (Lam, Dickerson, Zoccola, & Zaldivar, 2009), and less success in actually regulating emotions (Butler et al, 2003). The strategy of reappraisal includes thinking about a situation in different ways to reduce negative emotional reactivity and is associated with better adjustment and well-being (Flynn et al, 2010;Gross & John, 2003). Moreover, there is some evidence that the use of suppression tends to decrease with age whereas reappraisal increases (Gullone et al, 2010;John & Gross, 2004).…”