The effect of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) supplementation on glycemic indices: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials

Mohit, Mohsen; Nouri, Mehran; Samadi, Mehnoosh; Nouri, Yasaman; Heidarzadeh‐Esfahani, Neda; Venkatakrishnan, Kamesh; Jalili, Cyrus

doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102766

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…9 trials were included in the analyses and it was determined that sumac intake significantly lowered fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance. However, no significant influence of sumac on these variables was determined in the meta-analysis of 6 trials conducted by Mohit et al 23 For both reports, no effect of sumac consumption on HbA 1C was detected. The reasons for these different conclusions are not clear, although the qualities of the trials selected for the 2 evaluations and the different statistical methodologies used in each may partly explain the disparities.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Sumac

Singletary¹

2023

Nutr Today

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The spice sumac is prepared from the fruit of the small deciduous tree Rhus coriaria L. (family Anacardiaceae), cultivated mainly in the Mediterranean region, North Africa, and the Middle East. The genus Rhus contains well over a hundred individual species of flowering plants, some varieties of which are edible, including not only R. coriaria but also R. glabra L. (or smooth sumac) used by the indigenous peoples of North America, Rhus typhina L. (staghorn sumac), and R. aromatica Aiton (fragrant sumac), among others. In the Middle East and Turkey, sumac is commonly included in food preparations to impart a tangy, citruslike flavor. Primarily in the Middle East, sumac is used extensively in traditional medicine. Sumac extracts may be used to treat diarrhea, diseases of the mouth and throat, gastrointestinal distress, inflammatory conditions of the skin, and pain, to name a few. Recent human studies examining the potential health benefits of sumac are limited and mainly explore the actions of R. coriaria toward cardiometabolic risk factors. This narrative overview summarizes these clinical trials, as well as relevant, associated animal experiments, and suggests opportunities for future research. Nutr Today 2023;58:77-83 T he spice sumac is prepared from the fruit of the shrub or small deciduous tree R. coriaria L. (family Anacardiaceae) that grows mainly in the Mediterranean region, North Africa, and the Middle East. The word sumac is derived from the Arabic word sumaq, which means red or dark red, a term that aptly describes the col-ored fruit of this flowering plant (Figure 1). R. coriaria is also known as Sicilian sumac and tanner's sumac due to the use of its tannin-rich leaves and bark in leather tanneries. 1,2 Moreover, black and yellow dyes are prepared from these leaves and bark. A relative of this plant, Rhus vernix or Toxicodendron vernix Kuntze (R. vernix L.) also called poison sumac, is not edible and is well known to produce an allergic skin reaction upon contact. However, the genus Rhus contains well over a hundred individual species of flowering plants, some varieties of which are edible. Besides R. coriaria, other examples are R. glabra L. (or smooth sumac) used by the indigenous people of North America, R. typhina L. (staghorn sumac), R. integrifolia (Nutt.) Benth. & Hock. f. ex. Rothr (lemonade berry), R. aromatica Aiton (fragrant sumac), R. ovata S. Watson (sugar bush), and R. trilobata Nutt. (skunkbush sumac, sourberry, three-leaf sumac, squawbush). [3][4][5] In the Middle East and Turkey, sumac is widely added to diverse food preparations. The fruits of this plant are composed of compact clusters of red berries that are dried and ground to yield the dark red/purple spice, the taste of which has been described as tangy, astringent, and lemony. The Arabic spice blend Za'atar has sesame seeds, thyme, and sumac as core ingredients, with other possible components such as oregano, marjoram, coriander, and cumin as additions. In Turkish piyaz salad, the sumac fruit is ground with salt, mixed with oliv...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Sumac

Singletary¹

2023

Nutr Today

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“…For the report of Ghafouri et al, 22 9 trials were included in the analyses and it was determined that sumac intake significantly lowered fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance. However, no significant influence of sumac on these variables was determined in the meta-analysis of 6 trials conducted by Mohit et al 23 For both reports, no effect of sumac consumption on HbA 1C was detected. The reasons for these different conclusions are not clear, although the qualities of the trials selected for the 2 evaluations and the different statistical methodologies used in each may partly explain the disparities.…”

Section: Effects Of R Coriaria In Humansmentioning

confidence: 88%

Sumac

2023

Nutr Today

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“…We expanded the results by conducting a meta-analysis on glycemic indices. A previous meta-analysis conducted to evaluate the effect of Sumac supplementation on glycemic indices failed to show a significant effect of Sumac on glycemic parameters ( 20 ). In opposition to previous study Updating the results with more recent trials revealed that Sumac supplementation significantly reduced fasting blood glucose insulin, HbA1c concentrations, and the level of HOMA-IR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Some meta-analyses have been conducted to show the Sumac effect on glycemic indices and blood lipids. However, no meta-analysis has assessed the Sumac effect on cardiometabolic risk factors together ( 19 , 20 ). Thus, we conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of Sumac consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors for the first time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of Sumac on cardiometabolic parameters in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Jafarpour,

Jalali,

Akhlaghi

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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BackgroundThe current evidence on the effect of Sumac consumption on cardiovascular parameters has produced controversial findings.MethodsWe systematically searched several databases, including PubMed-Medline, SCOPUS, and ISI Web of Science, to find eligible studies until January 2023. Meta-analysis to calculated the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95 %CI, Sub-group meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis were conducted throughout the study.Results16 randomized controlled trials comprising a total number of 1,225 participants were included. The results of meta-analysis revealed that Sumac significantly affected low-density lipoprotein (WMD: −8.66 mg/dL; 95% CI: −14.2, −3.12), high-density lipoprotein (WMD: 3.15 mg/dL; 1.99,4.31), triglycerides (WMD: −11.96 mg/dL; −19.44, −4.48), fasting blood glucose (WMD: −4.15 mg/dL; −7.31, −0.98), insulin (WMD: −1.72; −3.18, −0.25), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; WMD: −0.61; −1.22, −0.01), and anthropometric indices (p < 0.05). Moreover, the results significantly reduced total cholesterol when the intervention duration was ≥12 weeks (WMD: −8.58 mg/dL; −16.8, −0.37).ConclusionThese findings suggest that Sumac is potentially an effective complementary intervention to improve cardiometabolic parameters. Thus, patients could utilize Sumac as part of their diet to improve their overall cardiometabolic status.

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The effect of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) supplementation on glycemic indices: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

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The effect of Sumac on cardiometabolic parameters in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

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