The effect of stump removal and tree admixture on butt decay incidence, damage and wood density in western redcedar

Cruickshank, M. G.; Filipescu, Cosmin N.; Sturrock, Rona N.

doi:10.1080/07060661.2018.1496143

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Morrison et al (2014) showed that admixing resistant and susceptible species by the artificial establishment of a stand in British Columbia did not significantly reduce disease impact on the susceptible species over a period of 40 years. Similar findings were reported by Cruickshank et al (2018). In contrast, a study by Baleshta et al (2015) A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t did reveal how the presence of naturally regenerated broadleaf trees (specifically Betula papyrifera) can reduce mortality due to A. ostoyae and increase productivity of conifer plantations (specifically Pseudotsuga menziesii var.…”

Section: Silvicultural Measuressupporting

confidence: 72%

Latest advances and future perspectives inArmillariaresearch

Heinzelmann

Dutech

Tsykun

et al. 2019

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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The basidiomycete genus Armillaria s.l. (Armillaria s.s. and Desarmillaria) has a worldwide distribution and plays a central role in the dynamics of numerous woody ecosystems, including natural forests, tree plantations for timber production, orchards, vineyards, and gardens. Early studies have shown that all Armillaria species are capable of degrading dead woody substrates causing white rot. Moreover, most species exhibit a parasitic ability, and can be considered as facultative necrotrophs. Although over the years extensive research has been conducted on the phylogeny, biology, and ecology of different Armillaria species, numerous theoretical and applied questions remain open. Recently published studies have provided new perspectives, the most significant of which we present in this review. First, new investigations have highlighted the importance of a multilocus approach for depicting the phylogeny of the genus Armillaria. Second, the importance of clonality and sexuality for the different species is now better described, enabling a more accurate prediction of population dynamics in various environments. Third, genome sequencing has provided new insights into genome evolution and the genetic basis of pathogenicity and wood degradation ability. Fourth, several new studies have pointed out the possible influence of climate change on Armillaria distribution, biology and ecology, raising questions regarding the future evolution of Armillaria species and their effect on ecosystems. In this review, we also give a state-of-the-art overview of the control possibilities of parasitic Armillaria species. Finally, we outline some still open questions in Armillaria research, the investigation of which will strongly benefit from recent methodological advances.

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Section: Silvicultural Measuressupporting

confidence: 72%

Latest advances and future perspectives inArmillariaresearch

Heinzelmann

Dutech

Tsykun

et al. 2019

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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“…ostoyae inoculum is high, most of the Douglas‐fir will die, but the western redcedar will form a full‐canopy stand with a good yield, even if not as desirable as Douglas‐fir. However, Cruickshank et al (2018) suggest that basal lesions on western redcedar may serve as a precursor for other butt decay‐fungi to become established.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a 20‐year‐old species trial in the ICH southern interior, Vyse et al (2013) reported mortality in Douglas‐fir and western larch was 7 and 10 times greater, respectively, than in western redcedar. Furthermore, results from a long‐term stumping trial showed mortality in western redcedar to be significantly lower than other planted conifers such as Douglas‐fir and western larch (Cleary et al, 2013; Cruickshank et al, 2018; Morrison et al, 2014). Together, these findings suggest that western redcedar has higher resistance/tolerance to A .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, reduced mortality rates exhibited in even the intermediate diameter classes and the higher frequency of callusing observed in the smallest diameter class indicates that western redcedar is more resistant to infection by A. ostoyae and that this resistance occurs much earlier than in the other conifers. Cruickshank et al (2018) suggest that basal lesions on western redcedar may serve as a precursor for other butt decayfungi to become established.…”

Section: Comparison Among Douglas Fir Western Hemlock and Western mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Symptom development and mortality rates caused by Armillaria ostoyae in juvenile mixed conifer stands in British Columbia’s southern interior region

2021

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In the southern interior of British Columbia (B.C.), Canada, Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink (also referred to as A. solidipes in North America) poses a serious threat to sustainable forest management because harvesting creates stumps that, unless removed, increase the amount and potential of Armillaria inoculum that renders residual or regenerated trees at risk for infection by Armillaria. The problem is exacerbated when susceptible hosts, for example Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco.), are used for regeneration or replanting in Armillaria-infested sites. Cumulative mortality in juvenile stands can be as much as 20% by age 20 years (Morrison & Pellow, 1994;Vyse et al., 2013), and numerous small disease centres may coalesce to form unstocked or understocked openings in the stand.Few options are available to mitigate potential losses due to Armillaria root disease. Mechanical removal of stumps is an effective means to reduce the amount of Armillaria inoculum and woody substrates that would otherwise be available to the fungus, which minimizes the extent of Armillaria-caused mortality in the regenerating stand (Cleary et al., 2013;Morrison et al., 2014). A less intrusive option is to regenerate tree species that are killed less frequently by A. ostoyae. In B.C., no woody hosts have been found that show complete immunity to A. ostoyae. Generally, all conifers less than 15-years-old are highly susceptible to A. ostoyae-caused mortality, but after this age, some conifers become more tolerant to A. ostoyae (Cleary et al., 2008 and references therein). For example, western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) shows considerable resistance to the fungus, but only after it reaches about 20-25 years of age (Robinson & Morrison, 2001). However, in young regenerating stands, mortality

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“…This procedure is called stumping and involves the removal of roots and the tree root collar (called stump together) using an excavator after the stems are removed . The efficacy of stump removal on the incidence of butt decay was based on a stump removal trial of 50-year-old planted interior cedar (Cruickshank et al 2018). It also may be done by push falling where the trees are pushed over with an excavator, which removes the roots, and then the stump part is cut off and the stem harvested.…”

Section: Butt Rot Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An economic analysis of management practices to mitigate butt rot and deer browse of planted western redcedar

Bogdanski,

Alam,

Sattler

et al. 2023

J.For.Bus.Res.

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We consider the economic feasibility of silviculture investments to reduce butt rot (through stump removal) and ungulate browse damage (stand establishment strategies), which are the most serious impacts to planted western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don) stands in coastal British Columbia, Canada. We find mixed support for these investments, even if carbon sequestration benefits are included. We do find butt rot causes significant material damage to volumes, but such damage tends to occur well into the future of the stand diminishing the negative impact on stand value. As such, given the high costs of stump removal, and despite losses of high-quality logs, we find little support for stump removal except under very low discount rates (2%). Deer browse impacts are found to occur in the early stages of stand development, and projected stands should sufficiently recover volumes and value by harvest age. However, under positive carbon prices, because deer browse mitigation measures have an immediate impact on biomass accumulation in the early stages of stand development, we find some conditions for which low-cost deer browse mitigation options might be economically supported on forestlands. Finally, we found that increased planting of seedlings is likely a low-cost, financially attractive option under a broad set of conditions, even on sites without risk to damage, meaning a possible no-regrets strategy to mitigate damages from either deer browse or decay. The benefits of planting highlight the feasibility of using tree breeding to increase growth, resistance to deer, decay, and drought. The methods developed in the paper to evaluate the impact of both root rot and ungulate browsing could be applied to other ecosystems elsewhere.

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The effect of stump removal and tree admixture on butt decay incidence, damage and wood density in western redcedar

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Latest advances and future perspectives inArmillariaresearch

Latest advances and future perspectives inArmillariaresearch

Symptom development and mortality rates caused by Armillaria ostoyae in juvenile mixed conifer stands in British Columbia’s southern interior region

An economic analysis of management practices to mitigate butt rot and deer browse of planted western redcedar

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