The effect of strong microwave electric field radiation on: (2) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed germination and sanitation

Abstract

The seeds of the winter and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were subjected to a strong microwave electric field (SMEF) generated in a high power magnetron generator, working in a pulsed mode. Seed samples with different moisture contents (12, 15 and 18 %) were treated at the band 2.6, 5.7 and 9.3 GHz at 5, 10 and 20-minute exposures. Seed germination energy (GE), germination (G), abnormally germinated seeds (AG), germination index (GI) and seedling vigour index (SVI) were tested. The effect of SMEF on Tilletia caries infestation, plant productivity and seed sanitation was also explored. Seed treatment with SMEF did not sufficiently effect on winter wheat seed GE and G; however, the increase in AG and reduction in GI and SVI were observed. The negative effect on GI and SVI increased when seeds with higher humidity were treated. Treatment of winter wheat cv. 'Kovas' seeds, artificially inoculated with Tilletia caries, with SMEF showed a trend towards reduction of bunt infected ears. Seed treatment with SMEF stimulated grain yield increase and the bands 2.6 GHz for 20 min, 5.7 GHz for 10 min and 9.3 GHz for 5 and 10 min induced an increase in grain number and grain weight per ear. The efficacy of the chosen SMEF bands and exposition time on winter and spring wheat seed sanitation were contradictory. The SMEF treatment against wheat seed borne pathogens such as Phaeosphaeria nodorum (causal agent of Stagonospora glume blotch), Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (causal agent of tan spot) and Fusarium spp. (causal agents of seedling and adult plant foot and root rots and Fusarium head blight) gave conflicting and inconsistent efficacy results. The composition of most frequently isolated Fusarium species on SMEF treated winter wheat seeds was pertained to SMEF bands and exposition time.

Microwave Irradiation Enhances the Germination Rate of Tartary Buckwheat and Content of Some Compounds in Its Sprouts

“…The GR of tartary buckwheat seeds signifi cantly increased (P<0.05) as the microwave power increased but was signifi cantly reduced when the exposure time was increased from 10 s to 30 s at higher irradiation power (>600 W) ( Figure 1). These results were in accordance with previous studies in wheat [Ragha et al, 2011;Gaurilcikiene et al, 2013]. When the exposure time was extended, there was an improvement in the activities of the enzymes in the seedlings.…”

“…Therefore, light [Ji et al, 2016] and magnetic fi eld [Asghar et al, 2016] can infl uence fl avonoid content by changing the activity of PAL and CHI. Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation, with a frequency between 30 and 300 GHz, that has been shown to signifi cantly stimulate germination [Gaurilcikiene et al, 2013]. As a type of electromagnetic wave, a microwave at a certain power can effectively activate various enzymes involved in seed germination [Radzevičius et al, 2013], signifi cantly improving the germination rate (GR) and increasing the synthesis of certain biological components in the seeds [Stan et al, 2014].…”

Perlakuan Udara Panas untuk Pengendalian Perkecambahan Spora Tilletia indica pada Gandum

“…Selanjutnya tabung berisi biji tersebut dikocok menggunakan vorteks dengan kecepatan 1000 rpm selama 30 detik sehingga teliospora terlepas dan menempel pada biji gandum yang sehat. Biji gandum yang telah diinokulasi dimasukkan ke dalam cawan petri dan diberi perlakuan udara panas oven bersama 50 g biji gandum yang sehat (Irena et al 2013). Peubah yang diamati ialah jumlah teliospora yang berkecambah dan kadar protein pada setiap perlakuan.…”

Gamma-Rays and Microwave Irradiation Influence on Guar (Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba): I - Markers Assisted Selection for Responding to Mutagenic Agents

“…Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic irradiation, with a frequency between 30 and 300 GHz, significantly stimulating germination and enhancing growth (Gaurilcikiene et al, 2013). Microwaves at a specific power can effectively activate several enzymes involved in seed germination (Radzevičius et al, 2013), significantly improving the germination rate (GR) and increasing the synthesis of specific biological components in the seeds (Stan et al, 2014).…”