The Effect of Straight-chain Saturated, Monoenoic and Branched-chain Fatty Acids on Growth and Fatty Acid Composition of Mycoplasma Strain Y

Rodwell, A. W.; Peterson, John

doi:10.1099/00221287-68-2-173

Cited by 29 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…However, an understanding of the behavior of such lipids is of considerable interest since methyl anteisobranched fatty acids have been proposed to be the structural equivalents of unsaturated fatty acids [see Kaneda (1977) for a review]. Moreover, methyl anteisobranched fatty acids can support the growth of fatty acid auxotrophic microorganisms, thus indicating that such fatty acyl structures can support normal membrane function (Rodwell & Peterson, 1971;Silbert et al, 1973;Silvius & McElhaney, 1978). Thus, in order to further our understanding of these structures, we have synthesized a series of dl-methyl anteisobranched fatty acids and their respective diacyl-PC's, and the thermotropic phase behavior of the latter has been studied by DSC and 31P N M R spectroscopy (Lewis et al, 1987).…”

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confidence: 99%

Thermotropic phase behavior of model membranes composed of phosphatidylcholines containing dl-methyl anteisobranched fatty acids. 2. An infrared spectroscopy study

Mantsch¹,

Madec²,

Lewis³

et al. 1987

Biochemistry

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The thermotropic phase behavior of four members of the homologous series of dl-methyl anteisobranched phosphatidylcholines was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The odd-numbered phosphatidylcholines exhibit spectral changes in two distinct temperature ranges, while their even-numbered counterparts exhibit spectral changes within only a single temperature range. The high-temperature transition observed in the odd-numbered phosphatidylcholines and the single thermotropic event characteristic of the phase behavior of their even-numbered counterparts are both identified as gel/liquid-crystalline phase transitions. The low-temperature event exhibited only by the odd-numbered phospholipids is identified as a gel/gel phase transition that involves changes in the packing mode of the acyl chain methylene groups, as well as changes in the conformation of the glycerol ester interface. These infrared spectroscopic data thus suggest that at low temperatures the odd-numbered methyl anteisobranched phosphatidylcholines form a highly ordered condensed phase similar to the Lc phases of the linear saturated n-acyl-phosphatidylcholines. A comparable condensed phase was not formed by the even-numbered anteisobranched phosphatidylcholines under similar conditions. The properties of the gel states of the even-numbered anteisoacylphosphatidylcholines were generally similar to those of the high-temperature gel states of their odd-numbered counterparts. Those gel states exhibit spectral characteristics indicative of hexagonally packed but relatively mobile acyl chains. The temperature-dependent changes in the spectral characteristics of these gel states were continuous and were not resolved into the discrete but overlapping transitions observed by differential scanning calorimetry.

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confidence: 99%

Thermotropic phase behavior of model membranes composed of phosphatidylcholines containing dl-methyl anteisobranched fatty acids. 2. An infrared spectroscopy study

Mantsch¹,

Madec²,

Lewis³

et al. 1987

Biochemistry

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“…However, even thermophilic bacteria grown at high temperatures contain a certain minimal content of unsaturated fatty acids (McElhaney & Souza, 1976). Cronan & Gelmann (1973) showed that a fatty acid auxotroph of E. coli required at least a minimum of 20% unsaturated fatty acid in the growth supplement and it is generally agreed that fatty acid-requiring mycoplasmas (Rodwell & Peterson, 1971), or those grown in the presence of an inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis (Silvius & McElhaney, 1978), cannot be grown in medium containing only a straight-chain saturated fatty acid.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characteristics of a Lipolytic and Fatty Acid-requiring Butyrivibrio sp. Isolated from the Ovine Rumen

Hazlewood

Dawson

1979

Journal of General Microbiology

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A naturally occurring fatty acid-requiring Butyrivibrio sp. (strain S2), isolated from the ovine rumen, deacylates plant galactolipids, phospholipids and sulpholipids to obtain sufficient fatty acid for growth. Growth in vitro was promoted by adding to the growth medium a single straight-chain saturated fatty acid (C13 to C18) or vaccenic acid. Palmitoleic and oleic acids also supported growth but gave lengthy lag phases probably due to their toxicity. Linolenic and linoleic acids supported good growth but they were completely hydrogenated to trans-11-octadecenoic acid which was incorporated into the bacterial complex lipids. No chain elongation, chain shortening or desaturation of the added fatty acids occurred and all were substantially incorporated into bacterial lipids of the plasmalogen type, partially as a new type of hydrophobic grouping derived from two molecules of fatty acid. The absence of fatty acid unsaturation poses the question of the maintenance of membrane fluidity within this bacterium.

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“…It is tempting to speculate that this behavior is due to the fact that certain members of the trans-monounsaturated and branched-chain fatty acid series can provide a moderate and optimal level of membrane lipid fluidity, being intermediate in this regard between the high-melting saturated and lowermelting cis-monounsaturated, cyclopropane, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In conjunction with this idea, it might be noted that only trans-monounsaturates and iso-and anteisobranched fatty acids containing 16 to 18 carbon atoms are capable of supporting cell growth of Mycoplasma strain Y when this organism, which has an absolute requirement for exogenous fatty acids, is supplemented with any of an extensive series of single saturated, branched-chain, or unsaturated fatty acids (28)(29)(30).…”

Section: D)iscussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane Lipid Biosynthesis in Acholeplasma laidlawii B: Incorporation of Exogenous Fatty Acids into Membrane Glyco- and Phospholipids by Growing Cells

Saito

McElhaney

1977

J Bacteriol

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The extent of incorporation of a wide variety of exogenous saturated, unsaturated, branched-chain, and cyclopropane fatty acids into the membrane lipids of Acholeplasma laidlawii B was systematically studied. Within each fatty acid class the extent of incorporation generally increased markedly with increasing chain length, reached a maximum, and then declined progressively but less sharply with further increases above that chain length giving maximal direct incorporation. Certain shorter-chain members of each fatty acid class underwent complete or partial conversion to longer-chain homologues before utilization for complex lipid biosynthesis. The degree and extent of chain elongation and direct incorporation and the characteristic dependence of each of these processes on fatty acid chain length and structure correlated well with the physical properties (melting temperatures) of the exogenous fatty acids. The in vivo specificity of the enzyme systems responsible for the incorporation of exogenous fatty acids was such that the fluidity and physical state of the membrane lipids were maintained within a definite, albeit a relatively wide, range. We also observed that the neutral glycolipids typically have similar fatty acid compositions, which are somewhat different from those of the major phosphatides, which also exhibit similar fatty acid spectra. The phosphorylated glycolipid glycerophosphoryldiglucosyl diglyceride, however, always maintained a unique fatty acid composition quite different from that of the diglucosyl diglyceride from which it is presumably derived. These characteristic differences in fatty acid composition appear to function to minimize differences in phase transition temperatures, thus producing a more physicochemically homogeneous mixture of membrane lipids than would result from a nonspecific incorporation of fatty acids.

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The Effect of Straight-chain Saturated, Monoenoic and Branched-chain Fatty Acids on Growth and Fatty Acid Composition of Mycoplasma Strain Y

Cited by 29 publications

References 19 publications

Thermotropic phase behavior of model membranes composed of phosphatidylcholines containing dl-methyl anteisobranched fatty acids. 2. An infrared spectroscopy study

Thermotropic phase behavior of model membranes composed of phosphatidylcholines containing dl-methyl anteisobranched fatty acids. 2. An infrared spectroscopy study

Characteristics of a Lipolytic and Fatty Acid-requiring Butyrivibrio sp. Isolated from the Ovine Rumen

Membrane Lipid Biosynthesis in Acholeplasma laidlawii B: Incorporation of Exogenous Fatty Acids into Membrane Glyco- and Phospholipids by Growing Cells

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