The Effect of Stereoscopic Immersive Environments on Projection-Based Multi-dimensional Data Visualization

Etemadpour, Ronak; Monson, Eric; Linsen, Lars

doi:10.1109/iv.2013.51

Cited by 18 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The effectiveness of 3D visualizations has been extensively evaluated on different display technologies such as 2D (monoscopic) displays [48,59], stereo-displays [5,62], stereo-displays with headtracking [16], data physicalizations [34], and immersive virtual reality environments [23,63]. Two surveys [41,42] of studies from different domains conclude that 3D stereoscopic displays increase task performance by 60% on average.…”

Section: Perception Of 3d Visualizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hologram in My Hand: How Effective is Interactive Exploration of 3D Visualizations in Immersive Tangible Augmented Reality?

Bach

Sicat

Beyer

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

192

172

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We report on a controlled user study comparing three visualization environments for common 3D exploration. Our environments differ in how they exploit natural human perception and interaction capabilities. We compare an augmented-reality head-mounted display (Microsoft HoloLens), a handheld tablet, and a desktop setup. The novel head-mounted HoloLens display projects stereoscopic images of virtual content into a user's real world and allows for interaction in-situ at the spatial position of the 3D hologram. The tablet is able to interact with 3D content through touch, spatial positioning, and tangible markers, however, 3D content is still presented on a 2D surface. Our hypothesis is that visualization environments that match human perceptual and interaction capabilities better to the task at hand improve understanding of 3D visualizations. To better understand the space of display and interaction modalities in visualization environments, we first propose a classification based on three dimensions: perception, interaction, and the spatial and cognitive proximity of the two. Each technique in our study is located at a different position along these three dimensions. We asked 15 participants to perform four tasks, each task having different levels of difficulty for both spatial perception and degrees of freedom for interaction. Our results show that each of the tested environments is more effective for certain tasks, but that generally the desktop environment is still fastest and most precise in almost all cases.

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Section: Perception Of 3d Visualizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hologram in My Hand: How Effective is Interactive Exploration of 3D Visualizations in Immersive Tangible Augmented Reality?

Bach

Sicat

Beyer

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

192

172

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show abstract

“…Multiple studies show benefits of 3D in exemplary visualizations [18,36], among others with regard to accuracy and efficiency. Moreover, studies indicate that 3D visualizations perform even better when inspected using stereoscopic displays due to a more natural, familiar and accurate perception of information [14].…”

Section: D Visualizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the last few years, augmented-, virtual-, and mixed-reality (AR, VR, MR) hardware and software have been on the rise, opening up new design spaces for visual analytics (VA) applications. Various examples of visualizations exist in VR, AR, and MR, either restricting the visualization's space to a small area [4] or allowing it to occupy the entire space around the observer [14,30]. As the level of immersion with regard to the visualization differs largely between the two kinds, their visualization design spaces can be seen as two individual ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Immersion on Cluster Identification Tasks

Kraus

Weiler

Oelke

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

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Fig. 1. A cluster identification task was performed and evaluated in four different visualization design spaces. Two screen-based methods, namely a scatterplot matrix (a) and a 3D scatterplot in a cube (b), and two visualizations in a VR environment: a 3D scatterplot on a virtual table (c) and a room-sized scatterplot (d). Gray lines emphasize transitions between visualization design spaces.Abstract-Recent developments in technology encourage the use of head-mounted displays (HMDs) as a medium to explore visualizations in virtual realities (VRs). VR environments (VREs) enable new, more immersive visualization design spaces compared to traditional computer screens. Previous studies in different domains, such as medicine, psychology, and geology, report a positive effect of immersion, e.g., on learning performance or phobia treatment effectiveness. Our work presented in this paper assesses the applicability of those findings to a common task from the information visualization (InfoVis) domain. We conducted a quantitative user study to investigate the impact of immersion on cluster identification tasks in scatterplot visualizations. The main experiment was carried out with 18 participants in a within-subjects setting using four different visualizations, (1) a 2D scatterplot matrix on a screen, (2) a 3D scatterplot on a screen, (3) a 3D scatterplot miniature in a VRE and (4) a fully immersive 3D scatterplot in a VRE. The four visualization design spaces vary in their level of immersion, as shown in a supplementary study. The results of our main study indicate that task performance differs between the investigated visualization design spaces in terms of accuracy, efficiency, memorability, sense of orientation, and user preference. In particular, the 2D visualization on the screen performed worse compared to the 3D visualizations with regard to the measured variables. The study shows that an increased level of immersion can be a substantial benefit in the context of 3D data and cluster detection.

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“…Point clouds have also been targeted due to their broad application in various areas, from multidimensional data to spatiotemporal visualization. Donalek Concerning 3D scatterplot projections of multidimensional data in particular, Etemadpour et al evaluated a six-sided CAVE environment, observing better perception of distances between individual objects under this condition than when using a standard 2D screen [EML13]. In previous work, we have also focused specifically on this topic, exploring an HMD-based implementa- tion [WRFN18].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For distance perception tasks T1-T4, pairwise Euclidean distances were computed to determine the correct answers. For density perception tasks T5-T6, we followed Etemadpour et al's approach based on the inverse of the average edge length in the Euclidean Minimum Spanning Tree of a class [EML13]. For the clustering task T7, ground truth was computed by the X-Means algorithm, and varied between 2 and 3 clusters [PM00].…”

Section: Task Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

VirtualDesk: A Comfortable and Efficient Immersive Information Visualization Approach

Filho

Freitas

Nedel

2018

Computer Graphics Forum

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Figure 1: In the VirtualDesk prototype, data is rendered at arm's reach and manipulated only by mid-air natural hand gestures (center). A reproduction of the analyst's real desk is included (left) to enable tangible interaction with coordinated views and controls (right). Abstract3D representations are potentially useful under many circumstances, but suffer from long known perception and interaction challenges. Current immersive technologies, which combine stereoscopic displays and natural interaction, are being progressively seen as an opportunity to tackle this issue, but new guidelines and studies are still needed, especially regarding information visualization. Many proposed approaches are impractical for actual usage, resulting in user discomfort or requiring too much time or space. In this work, we implement and evaluate an alternative data exploration metaphor where the user remains seated and viewpoint change is only realisable through physical movements. All manipulation is done directly by natural mid-air gestures, with the data being rendered at arm's reach. The virtual reproduction of the analyst's desk aims to increase immersion and enable tangible interaction with controls and two dimensional associated information. A comparative user study was carried out against a desktop-based equivalent, exploring a set of 9 perception and interaction tasks based on previous literature and a multidimensional projection use case. We demonstrate that our prototype setup, named VirtualDesk, presents excellent results regarding user comfort and immersion, and performs equally or better in all analytical tasks, while adding minimal or no time overhead and amplifying user subjective perceptions of efficiency and engagement. Results are also contrasted to a previous experiment employing artificial flying navigation, with significant observed improvements.

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The Effect of Stereoscopic Immersive Environments on Projection-Based Multi-dimensional Data Visualization

Cited by 18 publications

References 15 publications

The Hologram in My Hand: How Effective is Interactive Exploration of 3D Visualizations in Immersive Tangible Augmented Reality?

The Hologram in My Hand: How Effective is Interactive Exploration of 3D Visualizations in Immersive Tangible Augmented Reality?

The Impact of Immersion on Cluster Identification Tasks

VirtualDesk: A Comfortable and Efficient Immersive Information Visualization Approach

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