The effect of Stefan flow on Nusselt number and drag coefficient of spherical particles in non-isothermal gas flow

Vapor mixing in turbulent vaporizing flows

“…In other words, the increased evaporation rate slows down the heat transfer. The decrease in the heat transfer due to the Stefan ow has also been observed in the literature by Jayawickrama et al (2019Jayawickrama et al ( , 2021 in vaporizing droplet congurations.…”

The Effects of Stefan Flow on the Flow Surrounding Two Closely Spaced Particles

“…Two more domains were also tested, as shown in Table A.4. Domain test simulations were carried out for the lowest Reynolds number (Re=2.3), and highest outward Stefan flow case (𝑈 𝑆𝑓 = 0.6), which generates the largest boundary layer around a particle based on our previous results (Jayawickrama et al, 2019(Jayawickrama et al, , 2021. Drag coefficients obtained with the different domains were compared with the corresponding results from the largest domain (domain 2).…”

“…and interactions (momentum, heat and mass transfer) in particle-fluid flows can vary when a Stefan flow is present. The effect of a Stefan flow on an isolated particle has been studied by many researchers in the past and is summarized in recent work by Jayawickrama et al (2019Jayawickrama et al ( , 2021 and Chen et al (2021). According to the literature, a Stefan flow has a strong effect on the drag coefficient and the heat transfer coefficient through its influence on the thickness of the boundary layer.…”

Direct Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of a Reactive Particle Layer with Stefan Flow in Supercritical Water

“…It can achieve superior efficiency and significantly reduce the pollutants generated in the traditional gasification and combustion process. , For the gas–solid reactive flows in the SCWG reactors, the surface material of coal or biomass particles is heated and gasified to form a mass flow that is perpendicular to the particle surface and reacts with the surrounding fluid. The mass exchange between particles and surrounding fluid is called Stefan flow, and the momentum, mass transfer, heat transfer, and chemical reactions between particles and fluid are coupled and affected by Stefan flow, making the particle–fluid–particle interactions more complicated. − The impact of Stefan flow on the gas–solid particle reacting flow is further reflected in hydrodynamic behavior and reaction efficiency. − In the reactor, the drag coefficient ( Cd ) and Nusselt number ( Nu ) are two crucial characteristics of particle force and heat transfer efficiency. , Pioneer scholars’ in-depth research and fitted valuable empirical formulas for inert particles in the cold environment can effectively guide industrial production. , However, the previous empirical formulas of the inert particles are no longer applicable for the reactive particles in the high-temperature and reactive environment, and a thorough analysis and complete understanding of the particle–SCW–particle interaction combined with the influence of the Stefan flow, such as heat transfer and flow characteristics, are urgently needed for the scale-up, design, and optimization of the reactor for industrial application.…”