The effect of state self-control on the intertemporal decisions made by individuals with high and low trait self-control

Guan, Yuan; He, Jiamei

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0195333

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…When trait self-control was included as a covariate in the two-way ANOVA, its effect was significant, F(1, 465) ¼ 6.41, p < .012, partial Z 2 ¼ .01. Consistent with previous studies (e.g., Guan & He, 2018), trait selfcontrol was negatively correlated with the number of SSR alternatives chosen by participants, r ¼ À.133, p ¼ .004. However, our main results were not affected by including trait selfcontrol as a covariate, such that the main effect of the SSR format was significant, F(1, 465) ¼ 22.38, p < .001, partial Z 2 ¼ .05, whereas the main effect of the LLR format, F(1, 465) ¼ 0.69, p ¼ .408, and the interaction, F(1, 465) ¼ 1.48, p ¼ .225, were not significant.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…If the attention shift is caused by the null outcome in both the SSR and the LLR alternative, there should be an interaction such that people choose less SSR alternatives only when both the SSR and the LLR alternatives contain the null outcome. In addition, because trait self-control has been found to be negatively correlated with delay discounting (e.g., Guan & He, 2018), we measured this personality trait to test whether the effect of our manipulation could still hold after controlling the potential influence of trait self-control. The software G-Power shows that at least 180 participants need to be recruited to obtain a power of .80 to detect a medium effect size ( f = .25).…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Beauty of the Zero: Replications and Extensions of the Hidden-Zero Effect in Delay Discounting Tasks

Dang

Xiao

et al. 2020

Social Psychological and Personality Science

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Unlike the presentation format in a typical delay discounting task (e.g., “Would you prefer [A] US$4.3 today OR [B] US$7.5 in 22 days?”), Magen et al. inserted a zero to each alternative (e.g., “Would you prefer [A] US$4.3 today and US$0 in 22 days OR [B] US$0 today and US$7.5 in 22 days?”) and found this manipulation effectively reduced delay discounting ( d = .84), which was referred to as the hidden-zero effect. Study 1 was a direct replication of this effect. In Study 2, we tested whether the explicit-zero format could buffer against the detrimental effect of exposure to sexy cues on delay discounting. In Study 3, we explored the mechanism underlying the hidden-zero effect. Taken together, the hidden-zero effect was consistently found across all studies ( N = 2,440) and our internal meta-analysis yielded a medium to large effect size ( d = .52).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Beauty of the Zero: Replications and Extensions of the Hidden-Zero Effect in Delay Discounting Tasks

Dang

Xiao

et al. 2020

Social Psychological and Personality Science

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“…However, participants who exerted more effortful self-control showed a greater tendency to explore and encode task-irrelevant pictures irrespective of valence. This is supported by several other studies investigating the effect of effortful self-control on subsequent economic decision-making [65][66][67]. Although these studies used hypothetical monetary rewards, the results do not indicate an increase in reward responsivity after self-control exertion but increased delay discounting or impulsivity.…”

Section: No Proof For the Reward Responsivity Hypothesissupporting

confidence: 71%

“…impulsivity) rather than inhibitory control. Moreover, studies on economic decision-making show increased choice impulsivity after exerting effortful self-control [65][66][67]. In summary, these studies show that exerting effortful self-control reduces attentional control and increases impulsivity thereby fostering task disengagement and explorative behavior.…”

Section: Confirmation Of the Ultimate Account Of The Process Modelmentioning

confidence: 68%

Detours increase local knowledge—Exploring the hidden benefits of self-control failure

2021

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Self-control enables people to override momentary thoughts, emotions, or impulses in order to pursue long-term goals. Good self-control is a predictor for health, success, and subjective well-being, as bad self-control is for the opposite. Therefore, the question arises why evolution has not endowed us with perfect self-control. In this article, we draw some attention to the hidden benefits of self-control failure and present a new experimental paradigm that captures both costs and benefits of self-control failure. In an experiment, participants worked on three consecutive tasks: 1) In a transcription task, we manipulated how much effortful self-control two groups of participants had to exert. 2) In a number-comparison task, participants of both groups were asked to compare numbers and ignore distracting neutral versus reward-related pictures. 3) After a pause for recreation, participants were confronted with an unannounced recognition task measuring whether they had incidentally encoded the distracting pictures during the previous number-comparison task. The results showed that participants who exerted a high amount of effortful self-control during the first task shifted their priorities and attention toward the distractors during the second self-control demanding task: The cost of self-control failure was reflected in worse performance in the number-comparison task. Moreover, the group which had exerted a high amount of self-control during the first task and showed self-control failure during the second task was better in the unannounced third task. The benefit of self-control failure during number comparison was reflected in better performance during the recognition task. However, costs and benefits were not specific for reward-related distractors but also occurred with neutral pictures. We propose that the hidden benefit of self-control failure lies in the exploration of distractors present during goal pursuit, i.e. the collection of information about the environment and the potential discovery of new sources of reward. Detours increase local knowledge.

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“…12 Selfcontrol, mainly trait self-control, has been shown to have beneficial effects and serve as a crucial predictive factor across nearly all forms of behavior that contribute to a more healthy and successful life. [13][14][15][16] Since trait selfcontrol is viewed as relatively stable throughout life and often viewed as part of the personality, 16,17 this study adopted a more practical point of view with stronger clinical implications for future interventions and identified the conceptualization of self-control as a learned collection of cognitive-behavioral skills, labeled learned resourcefulness. 13 Accordingly, self-control skills constituting resourcefulness are shaped by experience and practice and can be learned throughout life in the context of an individual's home and family, enabling people to cope with distress and overcome difficulties in the performance of daily activities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Associations Among Perceived Stress, Self-Control Skills, and Overeating in Asian Adolescents

Chuang

Wang

2021

J Dev Behav Pediatr

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Objective: Built on Rosenbaum's self-control theory, this study aimed to examine the mediating role of self-control skills in the relationship between perceived stress and overeating patterns among adolescents from an Asia-Pacific region. Methods: A cross-sectional study was used with a school-based, nonclinical sample of 195 adolescents. Participants completed self-report measures assessing study variables and demographic information such as body mass index (BMI) status for adolescents and their parents. Mediation analyses were conducted with Hayes' PROCESS macro modeling tool to assess self-control skills as the mediator of the relationships between perceived stress and each overeating pattern based on the regression-based bootstrapping method, adjusting for potential covariates. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was approximately 18% in the current sample of adolescents. While controlling for age, sex, and standardized BMI, self-control skills mediated the effects of stress on emotional and external eating, but not on restrained eating; in addition, self-control skills partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress and an overall overeating tendency. Conclusion: Consistent with Rosenbaum's selfcontrol theory, self-control skills were found to mediate the relationship between perceived stress and emotional and external eating. This study highlights the importance of prevention treatments developed to impart adolescents with self-control skills, decrease their perceived stress, and consequently, reduce their overeating patterns during this intense developmental period.

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The effect of state self-control on the intertemporal decisions made by individuals with high and low trait self-control

Cited by 12 publications

References 60 publications

The Beauty of the Zero: Replications and Extensions of the Hidden-Zero Effect in Delay Discounting Tasks

The Beauty of the Zero: Replications and Extensions of the Hidden-Zero Effect in Delay Discounting Tasks

Detours increase local knowledge—Exploring the hidden benefits of self-control failure

Understanding the Associations Among Perceived Stress, Self-Control Skills, and Overeating in Asian Adolescents

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