The Effect of Starvation on Antibody Production of Chicks

Nathan, Daniel; Heller, E. D.; Perek, M.

doi:10.3382/ps.0561468

Cited by 42 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It is known that stress conditions affect the immune system and cause immunosuppression [9,16,24] through involution of lymphoid organs [3,4,21], possibly mediated by increased activity of the pituitary adrenocortical axis [8,21,25]. It appears that stress situations act by enhancing virus replication in lymphocytes as shown in the spleen of stressed mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, starvation [3], cortisol injection [21] cold or isolation stress [4] can cause involution of lymphoid organs such as thymus, spleen and lymph nodes through activation of the pituitary adrenocortical axis [25,8]. Further, interferon production is suppressed in stress situations [ 14], and T-helper lymphocyte levels are reduced under various types of stress [ 17,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The influence of cold or isolation stress on neuroinvasiveness and virulence of an attenuated variant of West Nile virus

Ben‐Nathan

Lustig

Feuerstein³

1989

Archives of Virology

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The effect of cold or isolation stress on neuroinvasiveness and virulence was investigated in mice inoculated with an attenuated WNV (WN-25) strain. The WN-25 variant differed from the parent strain by its inability to kill mice after I.P. injection though it was able to immunize even after injection with low doses of virus. Exposure of inoculated mice for 5 minutes a day to cold water (1 +/- 0.5 degrees C) for 8 days resulted in 60% mortality, while in nonstressed infected mice no death was observed. Cold or isolation stress increased the virus level in the brain to 8.9 and 7.4 log 10 PFU as compared to no virus in the infected control. Moreover, it was found that virus level in the spleen of stressed mice reached 3.4 and 3.7 log 10 PFU respectively, while in non-stressed mice no virus was detected. The virus which was isolated from the brain of moribund stressed mice was extremely virulent: I.P. inoculation of as little as 10 PFU caused death to normal non-stressed mice. We suggest that cold or isolation stress conditions in mice inoculated with an attenuated strain induce a selection process. The virus which was isolated from the brain of stressed mice changes its virulence and kills like wild type WNV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of cold or isolation stress on neuroinvasiveness and virulence of an attenuated variant of West Nile virus

Ben‐Nathan

Lustig

Feuerstein³

1989

Archives of Virology

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“…Perek and Sulman (1945) reported an increase in basal metabolic rate (BMR) and Brake and Thaxton (1979a) noted that body temperature was elevated during a forced molt in SCWL hens. A 48 hr period of food and water deprivation has also been reported to elicit symptoms of physiological stress in young birds (Ben Nathan et al, 1977). Glazener and Jull (1946) reported that thiouracil retarded the rate of feather loss during a natural molt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Changes in Caged Layers during a Forced Molt

1979

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The effects of forced molting on plasma levels of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and adrenal cholesterol and total adrenal steroid content were studied. Commercially available strains of Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) hens, reared and maintained under commercial conditions, were used in the three trials. The hens were moved to environmentally modified facilities prior to the forced molt which was accomplished by reducing daylength and by withdrawing feed and water. Egg production ceased within one week of initiation of this procedure. The hens were sampled either daily or an alternate days for up to 22 days beginning at the time of feed removal. Plasma T4 initially decreased upon removal of feed, but increased above control levels by the sixth day of feed withdrawal. Plasma T3 levels remained relatively constant throughout the feed withdrawal period. Resumption of feeding with a fortified ground corn ration resulted in a decrease in T4 and concomitant increase in T3. Changes in adrenal cholesterol and total adrenal steroids were not consistent. However, there was a trend toward increased total adrenal steroids during feed withdrawal, and an increase in adrenal cholesterol upon the resumption of feeding.

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“…Dolayısıyla yaşama gücünün cinsiyet veya beslenme şeklinden etkilenmediği söylenebilir. Bu sonuç, kısıtlı besleme gruplarında yaşama gücünün yüksek olduğunu bildirilen kaynaklardan (11,24,38) farklıdır. Sıcak ve soğuk karkas randımanı tüm gruplarda CA'a paralellik göstererek erkeklerde yüksektir (19,26).…”

Section: Tartışma Ve Sonuçunclassified

Kısıtlı protein ile beslenen erkek ve dişi broilerlerde karkas özellikleri, et kalitesi ve bağışıklık düzeyleri

Atasoy¹,

Yakan²,

Uğurlu³

et al. 2010

Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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Özet: Araştırma Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Çiftliğinde yürütülmüştür. Üçyüzaltmış adet 1 günlük civcivler, erkek (e) ve dişi (d) cinsiyet gruplarına ve her cinsiyet grubu da 60'ar civciv kapsayacak şekilde kontrol (K), deneme 1 (D 1 ) ve deneme 2 (D 2 ) olarak ayrılmıştır. Tüm gruplara 1-11 günlerde % 23. 10, * ) dişilerde yüksek, damlama kaybı benzer, pişirme kaybı ise erkeklerde ve deneme gruplarında yüksek (p<0.01), protein oranı deneme gruplarında yüksek, yağ oranı benzer, kuru madde ve kül kontrol grubunda yüksek (p<0.001), doymuş yağ asidi benzer, tekli doymamış, aşırı doymamış ve omega-6 yağ asitleri benzer veya deneme gruplarında yüksek bulunmuştur. Koyun eritrositine karşı oluşan antikor yanıtı kontrol gruplarında yüksektir (p<0.01; p<0.05). Sonuç olarak besi performansı ve karkas özellikleri deneme 1 erkeklerde kontrole benzer, et kalitesi ve yaşama gücü bakımından gruplar arası farklılık önemsiz, omega-6 yağ asidi deneme gruplarında yüksek, antikor titreleri ise kontrol grubunda yüksektir. Dolayısıyla erkeklerin dişilerden ayrı büyütülmesinin ve deneme 1'de uygulanan kısıtlı protein uygulanmasının pratikte uygulanabileceği söylenebilir.Anahtar sözcükler: Antikor düzeyi, besi performansı, broiler, et kalitesi, kısıtlı protein Carcass composition, meat quality and antibody levels in male and female Broiler chickens reared on low dietary protein Summary: This research was conducted at the University of Ankara, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Farm. The three hundred and sixty of one-day old chicks were seperated to male and female sex groups, and each sex group were also divided in to control, experiment 1 and 2 groups. Regimen feeding programme applied as crude protein 23.10 % from 1 to 11 days for all groups; 21.80, 20.20 and 18.40 % from 11 to 31 days for control, experiment 1 and 2 respectively. All groups were fed with % 18.40 crude protein from 32 to 47 days of age. Metabolic energy levels were 3117.80, 3083.69 and 3120.55 kcal / kg for all diet periods respectively. Animals were slaughtered at 40 and 47 days of age. Body weights at 47 th day for males in experiment 1 and control groups were found similars (3075 ve 3086 g). The best feed conversion rate was found in males of experiment 1 groups (1.643 ve 1.763). Dressing, chilled dressing, breast, thigh and wing weights in males were found heavier (p<0.05, p<0.01) than females and similar in males of experiment 1 and control. The abdominal fat weight were high (p<0.001) in female and control groups. The average values estimated for the meat pH was similar in male and female as well as in experiments and control groups. Lightness, redness and yellowness (L * , a * , b * ) values were high in females, water holding capacities were similar, cooking losses value was high in both male and experiments (p<0.01). While the crude protein values in experiment groups were high among groups, the intramuscular fat content was statistically similar. The percentage of crude ash and dry matter were high (p<0.001) in control, the saturated fatty acid wa...

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The Effect of Starvation on Antibody Production of Chicks

Cited by 42 publications

References 9 publications

The influence of cold or isolation stress on neuroinvasiveness and virulence of an attenuated variant of West Nile virus

The influence of cold or isolation stress on neuroinvasiveness and virulence of an attenuated variant of West Nile virus

Physiological Changes in Caged Layers during a Forced Molt

Kısıtlı protein ile beslenen erkek ve dişi broilerlerde karkas özellikleri, et kalitesi ve bağışıklık düzeyleri

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