The effect of starvation on the ultrastructure of the red and white myotomal muscles of the crucian carp (Carassius carassius)

Patterson, S.; Goldspink, G.

doi:10.1007/bf02346229

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This phenomenon, described for species of flatfish (e.g., sole, plaice, and flounder) and cod, is characterized by a decrease in myofibrillary area and increases in interfibrillary space and water content (297,336,344,545). While other studies on fishes have documented the fasting degradation of the largely glycolytic white muscle fibers (not necessary "jellied"), they all found the size and integrity of the aerobic red muscle to be well conserved with fasting (297,344,428). Eighteen weeks of fasting for the Crucian carp Carassius carassius led to a 21% decrease in white muscle myofibril surface area, but no change in myofibril coverage for the red muscle (428).…”

Section: Skeletal Musclementioning

confidence: 95%

“…While other studies on fishes have documented the fasting degradation of the largely glycolytic white muscle fibers (not necessary "jellied"), they all found the size and integrity of the aerobic red muscle to be well conserved with fasting (297,344,428). Eighteen weeks of fasting for the Crucian carp Carassius carassius led to a 21% decrease in white muscle myofibril surface area, but no change in myofibril coverage for the red muscle (428). Preserving red muscle allows fasting fishes to maintain sustainable swimming performance, whereas burst performance declines with the loss of white muscle (344).…”

Section: Skeletal Musclementioning

confidence: 97%

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Integrative Physiology of Fasting

Secor

Carey

2016

Comprehensive Physiology

138

144

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Extended bouts of fasting are ingrained in the ecology of many organisms, characterizing aspects of reproduction, development, hibernation, estivation, migration, and infrequent feeding habits. The challenge of long fasting episodes is the need to maintain physiological homeostasis while relying solely on endogenous resources. To meet that challenge, animals utilize an integrated repertoire of behavioral, physiological, and biochemical responses that reduce metabolic rates, maintain tissue structure and function, and thus enhance survival. We have synthesized in this review the integrative physiological, morphological, and biochemical responses, and their stages, that characterize natural fasting bouts. Underlying the capacity to survive extended fasts are behaviors and mechanisms that reduce metabolic expenditure and shift the dependency to lipid utilization. Hormonal regulation and immune capacity are altered by fasting; hormones that trigger digestion, elevate metabolism, and support immune performance become depressed, whereas hormones that enhance the utilization of endogenous substrates are elevated. The negative energy budget that accompanies fasting leads to the loss of body mass as fat stores are depleted and tissues undergo atrophy (i.e., loss of mass). Absolute rates of body mass loss scale allometrically among vertebrates. Tissues and organs vary in the degree of atrophy and downregulation of function, depending on the degree to which they are used during the fast. Fasting affects the population dynamics and activities of the gut microbiota, an interplay that impacts the host's fasting biology. Fasting-induced gene expression programs underlie the broad spectrum of integrated physiological mechanisms responsible for an animal's ability to survive long episodes of natural fasting.

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Section: Skeletal Musclementioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Skeletal Musclementioning

confidence: 97%

Integrative Physiology of Fasting

Secor

Carey

2016

Comprehensive Physiology

138

144

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, fish suffering from prolonged starvation apparently still cruise effortlessly, even when they have extensive disorganization of the white muscle which may have a water content of over 90% (Love, 1980). The reason for this finding may be that red muscle is less changed by starvation than white muscle (Patterson & Goldspink, 1973;Patterson et al, 1974). However, there is little data available at present on the relative changes in protein metabolism which occur in these two muscle types.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of starvation upon protein turnover in red and white myotomal muscle of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson

Loughna

Goldspink

1984

Journal of Fish Biology

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115

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Protein synthesis rates ofboth red and white muscle were measured using a constant infusion technique in fed and starved rainbow trout over a period of 2 months. In both tissues, rates of protein synthesis fell during starvation although the fall was more rapid in white than in red muscle. The reduced rates of protein synthesis were correlated to a reduced level of RN.4 in the tissues and a lower rate of translation of the RNA present. Estimated rates for protein degradation in white muscle showed a marked initial increase but with more prolonged starvation the degradation rate become only slightly greater than that in the fed fish.

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“…This difference in the metabolic response to hypoxia between red and white muscles is probably related to differences in mitochondrial density. The ratio of mitochondria in red and white muscles of a related carp species expressed as percentage volume occupied is 23 : 1 respectively (Patterson & Goldspink, 1973). In crucian carp succinate only increased to a tenth of the concentrations of lactate in the red muscle during anoxia (Johnston, 1975a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It would also appear the basic metabolic differentiation of red and white muscles in fish is subject to evolutionary modification associated with a particular mode of life. Modifications in the metabolism and division of labour of fish swimming muscles are also likely to occur with development (Nag & Nurshall, 1972), migration (Bostrom & Johansson, 1972) and starvation (Johnston & Goldspink, 1973a;Patterson & Goldspink, 1973;Patterson el al., 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of glycolysis in red and white muscles of the trout (Salmo gairdneri) and mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Johnston

1977

Journal of Fish Biology

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The activities of some glycolytic and associated enzymes have been determined in the muscles of trout and carp to investigate the possibility that the discrepancies previously reported between lactate accumulation and anoxic tolerance in these two fish result from underlying differences in glycolytic potential. Steady state concentrations of certain glycolytic intermediates were also determined in freeze-clamped muscles from tankrested fish. The activities of hexokinase, phosphorylase and phosphofructokinase were approximately 2-3 times lower in carp than trout white muscles. Pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were 5 times lower in carp white muscle. The lower, broader pH optima of lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase from carp compared to trout muscles is thought to be correlated with the greater anoxic tolerance of the carp. Glycolytic enzyme profiles were markedly different between the red and urhite muscles of the rainbow trout but broadly similar, with the exception of hexokinase activity, for the corresponding muscles of the carp. The results are discussed in relation to what is known about anaerobiosis in these two species and the comparative physiology of red and white muscles in fish.

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The effect of starvation on the ultrastructure of the red and white myotomal muscles of the crucian carp (Carassius carassius)

Cited by 25 publications

References 12 publications

Integrative Physiology of Fasting

Integrative Physiology of Fasting

The effects of starvation upon protein turnover in red and white myotomal muscle of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson

A comparative study of glycolysis in red and white muscles of the trout (Salmo gairdneri) and mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio)

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