The effect of starvation and re-feeding on mitochondrial potential in the midgut of Neocaridina davidi (Crustacea, Malacostraca)

Abstract

The midgut in the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi (previously named N. heteropoda) (Crustacea, Malacostraca) is composed of a tube-shaped intestine and a large hepatopancreas that is formed by numerous blind-ended tubules. The precise structure and ultrastructure of these regions were presented in our previous papers, while here we focused on the ultrastructural changes that occurred in the midgut epithelial cells (D-cells in the intestine, B- and F- cells in the hepatopancreas) after long-term starvation and re-feeding. We used transmission electron microscopy, light and confocal microscopes and flow cytometry to describe all of the changes that occurred due to the stressor with special emphasis on mitochondrial alterations. A quantitative assessment of cells with depolarized mitochondria helped us to establish whether there is a relationship between starvation, re-feeding and the inactivation/activation of mitochondria. The results of our studies showed that in the freshwater shrimp N. davidi that were analyzed, long-term starvation activates the degeneration of epithelial cells at the ultrastructural level and causes an increase of cells with depolarized (non-active) mitochondria. The process of re-feeding leads to the gradual regeneration of the cytoplasm of the midgut epithelial cells; however, these changes were observed at the ultrastructural level. Additionally, re-feeding causes the regeneration of mitochondrial ultrastructure. Therefore, we can state that the increase in the number of cells with polarized mitochondria occurs slowly and does not depend on ultrastructural alterations.

The role of autophagy in the midgut epithelium of Parachela (Tardigrada)

“…In both of these species, the process of mitophagy was detected. Mitophagy is a type of selected autophagy in which mainly damaged or non-active mitochondria are neutralized and discharged from the cytoplasm (Włodarczyk et al 2017). Selective autophagy, in contrast to a non-selective process, forces the specific structures or organelles into the autophagosomes to cause them to be eventually digested (Mijaljica et al 2012; Shaid et al 2013; Romanelli et al 2014, 2016).…”

Application of dielectric spectroscopy in the dynamically changing biological system – case ofNeocaridina davidishrimp starvation

“…Until now, many works related to the physiological, biochemical and histological changes during starvation of crustaceans have been published [3][4][5][6][7]. The results presented in this works are directly related to the earlier works describing ultrastructural changes in the midgut of N. davidi during starvation [8][9][10]. In the cited works, the average time of starvation after which regeneration of shrimps is impossible has been obtained.…”

“…Refeeding shrimps for 14 days after 14 days of starvation was not enough to restore mitochondria activity to the level of control group [8].…”

“…were starved by 14 days, causes significant increase of reserve material in the extent amount which can be connected for the fact that organism is trying to prepare itself to the next foodless period [8]. Therefore molecular mobility of lipids can be related to the -relaxation observed in the spectra of shrimps.…”

Peer Review #1 of "Relationship between ROS production, MnSOD activation and periods of fasting and re-feeding in freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Crustacea, Malacostraca) (v0.1)"

“…Therefore the processes related to the survival strategy during exposure to starvation are observed primarily in this organ. Long-term periods of starvation can cause numerous changes at the physiological, biochemical and molecular levels which lead to increased ability to survive (Wilczek et al, 2014;Lipovšek et al, , 2018Włodarczyk et al, 2017Włodarczyk et al, , 2019. Starvation can affect and damage many organelles, including the mitochondria (Ratcliffe and King, 1969;Włodarczyk et al, 2017), which are responsible for e.g.…”