The Effect of Starvation and Subsequent Refeeding on some Activities of Rumen Microorganisms In Vitro

Meiske, J. C.; Salsbury, R. L.; Hoefer, J. A.; Luecke, R. W.

doi:10.2527/jas1958.173774x

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The order of reappearance of the ciliate protozoa, entodinia before other oligotrichs be€ore holotrichs, is similar to that found in cattle following 3 days' starvation, oligotrichs before holotrichs (Meiske, Salsbury, Hoefer & Luecke, 1958) and is also similar to the order of first establishment in calves, entodinia before diplodinia be€ore holotrichs (Bryant, Small, Bouma & Robinson, 1958). The lengthy disappearance of polymastigates on one occasion is in contrast with the experience of Uecker, Schulz & Emmerson (1930) who found the flagellate protozoa very dificult to keep out of the rumen in their de€aunation experiments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

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Some Factors Influencing the Rumen Microbial Population

Warner¹

1962

Journal of General Microbiology

149

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SUMMARYIn sheep fed once daily, the concentrations of micro-organisms in the rumen changed with the time after feeding, some organisms fluctuating in numbers more than others; peak concentrations were reached at different times for different organisms. These changes in concentration were reilected in changes in the proportion of dividing cells, for example, in Dasytricha rumiimatiurn this proportion varied from less than 0.2 yo throughout most of the day to a maximum of 23% a few hours before feeding; for Entodiniurn spp. the variation was less: it was possible to calculate the minimum doubling time for these latter organisms as about 5 hr.One animal a t dif'fercnt times, or different animals, on the same ration and dietary regime had very dil'ferent rumen microbial populations, these differences being particularly marked in the case of some organisms. Reasons why these marked differences in microbial population are not reflected in similarly marked differences in over-all rumen metabolism are discussed.Feeding different quantities of the same ration had little effect on the concentration of rumen microbes, provided the ration was above a minimal level; it is, however, suggested that output of microbial cells from the rumen may have varied with the amount of feed given. Starvation for a few days or prolonged under-nutrition had a marked effect, some organisms being drastically reduced in numbers or dying out completely. When the qualitative nature of the diet was changed, about 10 days were needed a ion. to complete the major adjustments in the rumen microbial popul t'

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…3 is typical of four such experiments) ; there is some suggestion of a similar overshooting in metabolic activity in the experiments of Meiske et al (1958).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Some Factors Influencing the Rumen Microbial Population

Warner¹

1962

Journal of General Microbiology

149

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“…The extent to which rumen microbes are involved in low initial feed intakes is not clear. Meiske et al 93 observed a decline in fermentation rate in vitro to about one-third of pre-fast levels as a consequence of fasting. By contrast, Fluharty et al 99 showed that, although feed intake on arrival in a feedlot was only 61 % of that 7 d later, in situ disappearance of feed from fibre bags in the rumen was 59 % compared with 58 % pre-fasting.…”

Section: Rumen Microbial Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sudden cessation of feed supply to the rumen affects the size and composition of the rumen bacterial population 93 . This will have its most immediate effect on those bacteria that derive nutrients from starch or low-molecular-weight carbohydrates, because those substrates are the most rapidly fermented.…”

Section: Rumen Microbial Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The physiological and metabolic impacts on sheep and cattle of feed and water deprivation before and during transport

Hogan

Petherick²,

Phillips

2007

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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Sheep and cattle are frequently subjected to feed and water deprivation (FWD) for about 12 h before, and then during, transport to reduce digesta load in the gastrointestinal tract. This FWD is marked by weight loss as urine and faeces mainly in the first 24 h but continuing at a reduced rate subsequently. The weight of rumen contents falls although water loss is to some extent masked by saliva inflow. FWD is associated with some stress, particularly when transportation is added. This is indicated by increased levels of plasma cortisol that may be partly responsible for an observed increase in the output of water and N in urine and faeces. Loss of body water induces dehydration that may induce feelings of thirst by effects on the hypothalamus structures through the reninangiotensin -aldosterone system. There are suggestions that elevated cortisol levels depress angiotensin activity and prevent sensations of thirst in dehydrated animals, but further research in this area is needed. Dehydration coupled with the discharge of Na in urine challenges the maintenance of homeostasis. In FWD, Na excretion in urine is reduced and, with the reduction in digesta load, Na is gradually returned from the digestive tract to the extracellular fluid space. Control of enteropathogenic bacteria by normal rumen microbes is weakened by FWD and resulting infections may threaten animal health and meat safety. Recovery time is required after transport to restore full feed intake and to ensure that adequate glycogen is present in muscle pre-slaughter to maintain meat quality.

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“…Another study (Meiske et al . ) reported that the ability of rumen fluid to digest cellulose in vitro was greatly reduced when steers were fasted for 3 days. Together the results indicate that these select bacteria were better able to cope with the disruption created by the large increase in readily available carbohydrates than the 50% fast prior to dosing the grain into the rumen, and the carry‐over effects of fasting were particularly evident for the fibrolytic species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%