The effect of standardized food intake on the association between BMI and 1H-NMR metabolites

Abstract

Multiple studies have shown that levels of 1H-NMR metabolites are associated with disease and risk factors of disease such as BMI. While most previous investigations have been performed in fasting samples, meta-analysis often includes both cohorts with fasting and non-fasting blood samples. In the present study comprising 153 participants (mean age 63 years; mean BMI 27 kg/m2) we analyzed the effect of a standardized liquid meal (SLM) on metabolite levels and how the SLM influenced the association between metabolites and BMI. We observed that many metabolites, including glycolysis related metabolites, multiple amino acids, LDL diameter, VLDL and HDL lipid concentration changed within 35 minutes after a standardized liquid meal (SLM), similarly for all individuals. Remarkable, however, is that the correlations of metabolite levels with BMI remained highly similar before and after the SLM. Hence, as exemplified with the disease risk factor BMI, our results suggest that the applicability of 1H-NMR metabolites as disease biomarkers depends on the standardization of the fasting status rather than on the fasting status itself. Future studies are required to investigate the dependency of metabolite biomarkers for other disease risk factors on the fasting status.

Metabolomic signature of the postprandial experience

“…Recent studies have reported changes in circulating metabolites after ingestion of test meals and our study shows a sharp metabolomic discrimination between the fast and fed states after a physiological comfort meal. These changes may derive from the absorption of meal components or from the metabolic activity related to digestive process involving both anabolic and catabolic reactions.…”

“…In addition to the increase in glucose, we found a decrease in acetone (a ketone body) after meal ingestion and an increase in amino‐acids and sugars. All together, the postprandial metabolomic response corresponds to the switch from a catabolic to an anabolic state and a shift in energy utilization from lipolysis to glycolysis . Lactate, a product of glycolysis, did not increase in all subjects after the meal, but higher levels were found in patients with more satiation and fullness.…”

Circulating amino acids and the risk of macrovascular, microvascular and mortality outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes: results from the ADVANCE trial

“…Another potential limitation is the analysis of samples from non-fasted participants, although in clinical practice, fasting is rarely required among individuals with type 2 diabetes. NMR spectroscopy has been used to investigate changes in amino acids 30 min after a standardised liquid meal [ 45 ] and effects sizes were generally relatively small, although the immediate postprandial state is likely to give larger effect estimates than are at play in this study.…”

Serum lipidomics for exploring biomarkers of bortezomib therapy in patients with multiple myeloma

“…In addition to serum albumin levels, the BMI tended to be lower in nonresponders than in responders ( P = .0296). As the BMI has been extensively correlated with metabolite levels such as lipoprotein cholesterols and triacylglycerols, we cannot rule out the possibility that our findings were confounded by the BMI. However, the levels of these 10 lipids and BMI were not significantly correlated ( P > .005, Spearman rank correlation test).…”