The effect of stabilizer addition and sonication on nanoparticle agglomeration in a confined impinging jet reactor

Assessment of the relative performance of a confined impinging jets mixer and a multi-inlet vortex mixer for curcumin nanoparticle production

“…In addition, the average energy dissipation rate for a typical FNP process has been estimated to be around 10 4 -10 5 W/kg [22,23]. Based on this literature information, the smallest size of eddies should lie within the range of 10 À6 -10 À7 m, which is still larger than molecular spacing ($10 À9 m).…”

Comparing droplet breakup for a high-pressure valve homogeniser and a Microfluidizer for the potential production of food-grade nanoemulsions

“…The advantage of a HPH is that it is scalable for industrial production. A Microfluidizer operates to a similar maximum pressure generated via a piston pump, and droplet break-up occurs from high turbulence and shear created by the collision of two impinging jets oriented 180 o to each other (Cook and Lagace, 1985;Siddiqui et al, 2009). In order to determine the droplet break-up mechanism it is important to understand the geometry of the machines and the factors that affect energy dissipation including the volume over which the energy dissipates.…”

“…The region in this chamber is characterised by its fast dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy where the scale of segregation decreases rapidly (Gavi et al, 2007;Siddiqui et al, 2009). The majority of the droplet break-up occurs at the outer regions of the jets and the area that the jets impinge.…”

In Situ Treatment of Thermal RF Plasma Processed Nanopowders to Control their Agglomeration and Dispersability

“…The large molecules of the surfactant adsorb on the surface of single particles preventing the direct contact between the particles and the post generation of agglomerates [6][7][8]. Moreover, depending on the chain length of the surfactant, inter-particle interaction can be avoided through steric hindrance [5].…”

“…To promote a good dispersion of nanoparticles, beside the control of the synthesis process itself, surfactants are usually mixed to the agglomerated particles ex-situ in a solution under mechanical or ultrasonic treatment [5][6][7][8][9].…”