The effect of spatial distance on the discriminability of colors in maps

Brychtová, Alžběta; Çöltekin, Arzu

doi:10.1080/15230406.2016.1140074

Cited by 52 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Discriminability has been studied in visualization as a property of visual channels-how many distinguishable values they can be divided into [31]-and as a property of encodings-how to bind visual values to data values so as to ensure differences in data values can be perceived well [9,10]. It has been extensively used in the design and evaluation of color encodings [36], including sequential [6,25] and categorical color palettes [6,13,24], and as a criterion for texture design [18] and glyph design [47]. Rensink suggested that discriminability should be considered as one of the evaluation measures of a scientific framework for visualization [34].…”

Section: Discriminabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Discriminability Tests for Visualization Effectiveness and Scalability

Veras

Collins

2020

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

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The scalability of a particular visualization approach is limited by the ability for people to discern differences between plots made with different datasets. Ideally, when the data changes, the visualization changes in perceptible ways. This relation breaks down when there is a mismatch between the encoding and the character of the dataset being viewed. Unfortunately, visualizations are often designed and evaluated without fully exploring how they will respond to a wide variety of datasets. We explore the use of an image similarity measure, the Multi-Scale Structural Similarity Index (MS-SSIM), for testing the discriminability of a data visualization across a variety of datasets. MS-SSIM is able to capture the similarity of two visualizations across multiple scales, including low level granular changes and high level patterns. Significant data changes that are not captured by the MS-SSIM indicate visualizations of low discriminability and effectiveness. The measure's utility is demonstrated with two empirical studies. In the first, we compare human similarity judgments and MS-SSIM scores for a collection of scatterplots. In the second, we compute the discriminability values for a set of basic visualizations and compare them with empirical measurements of effectiveness. In both cases, the analyses show that the computational measure is able to approximate empirical results. Our approach can be used to rank competing encodings on their discriminability and to aid in selecting visualizations for a particular type of data distribution.

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Section: Discriminabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Discriminability Tests for Visualization Effectiveness and Scalability

Veras

Collins

2020

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

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“…Color schemes should be designed carefully in map design, and many rules, such as dominated lightness variation, discrimination, and perceptual uniformity, have to be met. 8,[19][20][21] Nevertheless, there is often not enough time for mapmakers to design carefully color schemes in practice. They often use default color schemes instead, which may express data inappropriately.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A harmony‐based approach to generating sequential color schemes for maps

Chen

Zhu

et al. 2019

Color Research & Application

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Generating high-quality sequential color schemes for maps is challenging for most mapmakers. This article presents a harmony-based approach for automatically generating sequential color schemes for maps. The proposed approach consists of two steps: (a) color harmony quantification for sequential color schemes on maps and (b) color scheme generation using quantified color harmony factors. The approach was tested using three experimental maps, including the Chinese water body density index map, Chinese vegetation cover index map, and Chinese population density map. Effectiveness was evaluated by comparing color schemes generated by the proposed approach with those created by the probability-based method and ColorBrewer. Twenty-six participants were invited to rate each map color scheme using a 5-point scale. A t test was also used to examine the significance of the difference. The results show that the mean points of color schemes using the proposed approach are higher than those using the probability-based method, and the corresponding Pvalues are far lower than .05, which suggests that the proposed approach is better than the probability-based method and can improve the sequential color scheme quality in automatic ways. The mean points of color schemes created using the proposed approach are also slightly higher than or similar to those of ColorBrewer, which are well-known map color schemes manually designed by an experienced cartographer. This result further suggests that the proposed approach can meet the requirement of automatic generation for high-quality sequential color schemes on maps. K E Y W O R D Scolor harmony, map color, sequential color scheme

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“…Thus, cognitive aspects of HCI are central and critically relevant for the use of GIS (Nyerges et al, 1995). One approach to reducing the cognitive load of the user is paying close attention to the visualization and interface design (e.g., Brychtová & Çöltekin, 2016;Çöltekin, et al, 2009), and another is cognitive engineering, by employing intuitive multimodal interaction channels developed based on human cognitive abilities, thus, minimizing the gap between the system and the user (Raubal, 2009). The need for effective, efficient, and intuitive interaction between the user and GIS becomes even more evident when looking at domains such as crisis management (Cai, et al, 2006) where functionality and the efficient interplay between the GIS and the user is crucial.…”

Section: Interacting With Geographic Information Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaze and Feet as Additional Input Modalities for Interacting With Geospatial Interfaces

Çöltekin¹,

Hempel²,

Brychtova³

et al. 2016

ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are complex software environments and we often work with multiple tasks and multiple displays when we work with GIS. However, user input is still limited to mouse and keyboard in most workplace settings. In this project, we demonstrate how the use of gaze and feet as additional input modalities can overcome time-consuming and annoying mode switches between frequently performed tasks. In an iterative design process, we developed gaze-and foot-based methods for zooming and panning of map visualizations. We first collected appropriate gestures in a preliminary user study with a small group of experts, and designed two interaction concepts based on their input. After the implementation, we evaluated the two concepts comparatively in another user study to identify strengths and shortcomings in both. We found that continuous foot input combined with implicit gaze input is promising for supportive tasks.

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The effect of spatial distance on the discriminability of colors in maps

Cited by 52 publications

References 46 publications

Discriminability Tests for Visualization Effectiveness and Scalability

Discriminability Tests for Visualization Effectiveness and Scalability

A harmony‐based approach to generating sequential color schemes for maps

Gaze and Feet as Additional Input Modalities for Interacting With Geospatial Interfaces

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