The effect of spatial competition between object-level representations of target and mask on object substitution masking

Guest, Duncan; Gellatly, Angus; Pilling, Michael J.

doi:10.3758/s13414-011-0196-5

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The likely answer is that OSM interferes with reentrant signaling, leaving the low-level features in the feed-forward sweep largely intact. Evidence consistent with the findings of Bouvier and Treisman has been reported by Guest et al (2011), and by Binsted et al (2007) who found that OSM occurs after the physical features of the target have been processed.…”

Section: Assumption Of Reduced Target S/n Ratiosupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Increased noise at the target location can hardly be regarded as a critical determinant of OSM in Lleras and Moore’s study, simply because the target was unobscured by the trailing four-dot mask. Further evidence that OSM occurs when the mask is presented in a location other than that of the target has been reported by Jiang and Chun (2001) and by Guest et al (2011).…”

Section: Assumption Of Reduced Target S/n Ratiomentioning

confidence: 57%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reentrant processing mediates object substitution masking: comment on PÃµder (2013)

Lollo

2014

Front. Psychol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Object-substitution masking (OSM) occurs when a target stimulus and a surrounding mask are displayed briefly together, and the display then continues with the mask alone. Target identification is accurate when the stimuli co-terminate but is progressively impaired as the duration of the trailing mask is increased. In reentrant accounts, OSM is said to arise from iterative exchanges between brain regions connected by two-way pathways. In an alternative account, OSM is explained on the basis of exclusively feed-forward processes, without recourse to reentry. Here I show that the feed-forward account runs afoul of the extant phenomenological, behavioral, brain-imaging, and electrophysiological evidence. Further, the feed-forward assumption that masking occurs when attention finds a degraded target is shown to be entirely ad hoc. In contrast, the evidence is uniformly consistent with a reentrant-processing account of OSM.

show abstract

Section: Assumption Of Reduced Target S/n Ratiosupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Assumption Of Reduced Target S/n Ratiomentioning

confidence: 57%

Reentrant processing mediates object substitution masking: comment on PÃµder (2013)

Lollo

2014

Front. Psychol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A common alignment of the target and mask stimuli (as in the standard OSM condition) would be especially conducive to their being confused as belonging to a single object identity, as opposed to when they were spatially offset. Thus, the results of Guest et al (2011) can be taken as evidence against the notion that the target and mask representations interact at an isolated featural level (e.g., Kahan & Enns, 2010), but they are entirely consistent with the existing evidence for the object-updating account. It remains to be seen, therefore, whether there are findings in OSM that can be explained only by object substitution, and not object updating.…”

Section: Object Updating and Object Substitutionmentioning

confidence: 46%

“…It has also been suggested that the object-updating account is distinct from the object substitution account, since the former predicts that the target and mask are fused into a single object representation, whereas the latter predicts that two separate object tokens (target and mask) compete for access to consciousness Guest, Gellatly, & Pilling, 2011). Essentially, it is a question of whether the visual system encodes the target and mask as a single or two separate events.…”

Section: Object Updating and Object Substitutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Essentially, it is a question of whether the visual system encodes the target and mask as a single or two separate events. Recently, Guest et al (2011) argued that they had found evidence in favor of object substitution. These authors found that OSM was strongest when the four dots surrounded the target (as per conventional OSM) and was weakened when the dots were instead placed overlapping the critical target feature.…”

Section: Object Updating and Object Substitutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Substituting objects from consciousness: A review of object substitution masking

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Object substitution masking (OSM) occurs when a sparse (e.g., four-dot), temporally trailing mask obscures the visibility of a briefly presented target. Here, we review theories of OSM: those that propose that OSM reflects the interplay between feedforward and feedback/reentrant neural processes, those that predict that feedforward processing alone gives rise to the phenomenon, and theories that focus on cognitive explanations, such as object updating. We discuss how each of these theories accommodates key findings from the OSM literature. In addition, we examine the relationship between OSM and other visual-cognitive phenomena, including object correspondence through occlusion, change blindness, metacontrast masking, backward masking, and visual short-term memory. Finally, we examine the level of processing at which OSM impairs target perception. Collectively, OSM appears to reflect the conditions under which the brain confuses two visual events for one when they are encoded with low spatiotemporal resolution, due to processing resources being otherwise occupied.Keywords Object substitution masking . Attention . Reentrant processing . Consciousness When observing a visual scene, at any point in time, we are conscious of only a small fraction of the available information. Given this limitation, it is important to understand the mechanisms that determine what stimuli we become conscious of, when we become conscious of them, and the nature of processing that occurs in the absence of explicit awareness. There exists a long and rich history in experimental psychology of using visual masking to explore such issues. Visual masking refers to conditions where the visibility of one to-be-reported visual stimulus (the target) is obscured by the presentation of another stimulus (the mask) that appears in close spatiotemporal proximity and does not require report. Object substitution masking (OSM) is a recent discovery in the field of visual masking and is an ideal tool for exploring questions about visual awareness because it selectively impairs the extent to which an individual becomes conscious of a visual stimulus without the extent of image-level degradation that other forms of visual masking induce. This review, therefore, focuses on the determinants and consequences of visual awareness in OSM.Here, we integrate a diverse range of literature to discern what OSM can tell us about perceptual consciousness and visual cognition in general. Specifically, we discuss the role of feedforward versus feedback processing in giving rise to OSM, whether the phenomenon is better characterized as reflecting object updating or object substitution, the similarities and differences between OSM and other forms of masking, and OSM's relationship to other visual-cognitive phenomena. In addition, we review evidence regarding the role of attention in masking. Our aim is to address controversies in the OSM literature in depth and offer insights into how some of them may already be resolved and how the field might go about resolving ...

show abstract

Visual Masking

Bachmann

Francis

2014

Visual Masking

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of spatial competition between object-level representations of target and mask on object substitution masking

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Reentrant processing mediates object substitution masking: comment on PÃµder (2013)

Reentrant processing mediates object substitution masking: comment on PÃµder (2013)

Substituting objects from consciousness: A review of object substitution masking

Visual Masking

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About