The effect of sowing date and nitrogen on the dry‐matter yield and nitrogen content of forage rape (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.) and stubble turnips (<i>Brassica rapa</i> L.) in Ireland

Keogh, B.; McGrath, Tim; Grant, Jim

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.2011.00815.x

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Mean separation † Planting Mean separation I II I II IVTD value when planted early (90.8 vs. 89.8% for the first and second planting dates, respectively). Digestibilities of forage brassicas in our study were consistent with those reported in other experiments where they exceeded 90% (Keogh et al, 2012) and were higher than most annual cool-season forages (Sedivec et al, 2011;Putnam and Orloff, 2014). Our results also support other previous research where brassica cultivars are equated to concentrate feeds, with low aNDF and high CP and digestibility (Wiedenhoeft and Barton, 1994).…”

Section: Plantingsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In general, the aNDF content of the brassica cultivars evaluated was substantially lower than most annual cool-season grasses (NRC, 2000;Keogh et al, 2012). Even though it is typically desirable for forages to have a low fiber content, this component has important functions in animal nutrition that should not be neglected (Putnam and Orloff, 2014).…”

Section: Nutritive Value Of Forage Brassicasmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, the quality of many stockpiled forages tends to decline over time, which makes it necessary to utilize species with the ability to maintain nutritive value over time. During the fall and winter, when perennial forages go dormant, the nutritional requirements of livestock often exceed the nutritive value that these types of forages provide (Keogh et al, 2012). Cold-tolerant species tend to maintain their quality, which makes them desirable choices to extend the grazing season through stockpiling in the western United States.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Forage Brassicas Stockpiled for Fall Grazing: Yield and Nutritive Value

Villalobos

Brummer

2015

Crop Forage & Turfgrass Mgmt

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Forage brassicas can potentially be used to extend the grazing season into the fall for beef cattle operations, thereby reducing input costs. Nine cultivars of forage brassicas were seeded on two planting dates, and their yield and nutritive value were measured for two fall harvest dates over 2 years in northern Colorado. Cultivars evaluated included three turnips (Brassica rapa L.; Purple Top, Barkant, and Appin); three rapes (Brassica napus L.; Winfred, Barnapoli, and Bonar); Groundhog radish (Raphanus sativus L.); Major Plus swede [Brassica napobrassica (L.) Mill.]; and Pasja hybrid (Chinese cabbage [Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt] × turnip hybrid). Dry matter (DM) yield, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (aNDF), and in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) were evaluated using a three‐way factorial treatment structure. Planting date was the overriding factor impacting DM yield with an overall reduction of 3770 lb/acre by delaying planting until mid‐August. Additional forage was also obtained by delaying the harvest date until mid‐November, but the increase was minor compared with yields obtained with earlier planting. The rapes tended to yield the highest when seeded in mid‐ to late July, but there were only minor differences among cultivars seeded in mid‐August. Fiber content of forage brassicas was low (19.0–25.2%), and CP content (18.6–25.5%) and IVTD (85.5–92.9%) were above the requirements for all classes and stages of beef cattle. Forage brassicas had minor changes in nutritive value during the fall, which makes them suitable for stockpiling when combined with lower‐quality forages to dilute their high nutrient content and thereby minimize the potential for rumen upset.

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Section: Plantingsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Nutritive Value Of Forage Brassicasmentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forage Brassicas Stockpiled for Fall Grazing: Yield and Nutritive Value

Villalobos

Brummer

2015

Crop Forage & Turfgrass Mgmt

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“…Fertilizer nitrogen (N) is applied to increase forage brassica yields with the response depending on background soil N fertility and yield potential (Gramshaw & Crofts 1969;Pelletier et al 1976;McDonald et al 1981;Pearson & Thomson 1996;Wilson et al 2006;Fletcher et al 2007;Stevens & Carruthers 2008;Chakwizira et al 2009;Fletcher et al 2010;Chakwizira et al 2011;Keogh et al 2011). However, the application of fertilizer N that exceeds that required to obtain maximum crop yield can also result in the accumulation of elevated nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3 -N) in the plant (Pelletier et al 1976;McDonald et al 1981;Guillard & Allinson 1988;Jacobs & Ward 2008;Fletcher et al 2010;Fletcher & Chakwizira 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate accumulation in forage brassicas

Fletcher

Chakwizira

2012

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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“…acephala L.) and rape ( Brassica napus L.) crops are frequently grown for winter grazing for dairy cows and summer feeding of sheep and beef cattle respectively. The importance of nitrogen (N) in dry matter (DM) production of both forage kale and rape is well established (Pelletier et al ., ; McDonald et al ., ; Wilson and Maley, ; Wilson et al ., ; Fletcher et al ., ; Chakwizira et al ., ; Keogh et al ., ). Fertilizer N is applied to supplement soil N supply to maximize DM production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of nitrogen rate on nitrate–nitrogen accumulation in forage kale and rape crops

Chakwizira

Johnstone

Fletcher

et al. 2014

Grass and Forage Science

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Nitrogen fertilizer is applied to supplement soil nitrogen supply to maximize forage brassica crop dry‐matter production. However, nitrogen fertilizer applications in excess of that required to maximize growth result in potentially toxic nitrate–nitrogen (NO3–N) concentrations in grazeable plant tissues. Three experiments, two for forage kale at Lincoln (Canterbury) and one for forage rape at Hastings (Hawke's Bay) in New Zealand were grown under different rates of nitrogen (0–500 kg N ha−1) to determine the effect of different rates of nitrogen on NO3–N content of different plant parts of the crops. One of the kale experiments was grown with either full irrigation or no rain and no irrigation over summer, hereafter referred to as summer drought. The NO3–N concentration on a whole plant (weighted average) basis increased from 0·1 mg g−1 dry matter for the control plots to 2·30 mg g−1 for the 500 kg N ha−1 plots for forage kale. It increased from 0·99 for the control plots to 3·37 mg g−1 for the 200 kg N ha−1 plots for forage rape crops. However, NO3–N concentration increased with N supply under the summer‐drought plots from an average of 0·33 mg g−1 when ≤120 kg N ha−1 was applied to 2·30 mg g−1 for the 240 kg N ha−1 treatments but was unaffected by N supply under irrigation. The NO3–N concentrations were higher in the stems and the petiole (which included the midrib of the leaf) than leaves in all three experiments. The NO3–N concentration was highest at the bottom of the kale stem and decreased towards the top. We recommend N application rates based on soil tests results, and for conditions similar to the current studies up to 300 kg N ha−1 under irrigation and adjusted lower N rates for regions prone to dry summers.

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The effect of sowing date and nitrogen on the dry‐matter yield and nitrogen content of forage rape (Brassica napus L.) and stubble turnips (Brassica rapa L.) in Ireland

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Forage Brassicas Stockpiled for Fall Grazing: Yield and Nutritive Value

Forage Brassicas Stockpiled for Fall Grazing: Yield and Nutritive Value

Nitrate accumulation in forage brassicas

Effects of nitrogen rate on nitrate–nitrogen accumulation in forage kale and rape crops

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