The effect of some anticoccidial drugs on the development of immunity to coccidiosis in field and laboratory conditions

Long, P. L.; Millard, B. J.; Smith, Kenneth M.

doi:10.1080/03079457908418371

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In subsequent studies, immunity to various species of Eimeria was not prevented by monensin in some experiments but was strongly suppressed in others Karlsson and Reid, 1978). Not surprisingly, the degree of immunity was greater in birds given lower concentrations of the drug, a conclusion supported by the findings of Long et al (1979).…”

Section: Immunitymentioning

confidence: 64%

“…In broiler breeder pullets fed ad libitum, monensin at a concentration of 110 mg/kg interfered with the development of immunity to Eimeria species but did not do so when birds were given a restricted feed intake regimen (Ruff and Chute, 1980). Suboptimal concentrations are often used to permit the development of immunity (Long et al, 1979). In the United States, monensin is not approved for use in laying chickens or birds more than 16 wk of age.…”

Section: Commercial Usementioning

confidence: 99%

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Forty years of monensin for the control of coccidiosis in poultry

Chapman

Jeffers

Williams³

2010

Poultry Science

261

167

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In July 1971, the polyether ionophorous antibiotic monensin was introduced in the United States for the control of coccidiosis in poultry. At that time, prospects for new anticoccidial agents were not good. Amprolium had enjoyed several years of use, but many other compounds had been abandoned as resistance to them developed. After the introduction of monensin, most commercial broilers were medicated with the drug and it is still widely used for this purpose today. Apart from in poultry, monensin is also used to control coccidiosis in game birds, sheep, and cattle. Indeed, more animals have been medicated with ionophores, such as monensin, for control of disease than any other medicinal agents in the history of veterinary medicine. In this review, we discuss the discovery, mode of action, and efficacy of monensin, together with matters of importance to the poultry industry such as commercial use, drug resistance, toxicity, pharmacology and residues, host immunity to coccidiosis, and effects in other avian species.

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Section: Immunitymentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Commercial Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Forty years of monensin for the control of coccidiosis in poultry

Chapman

Jeffers

Williams³

2010

Poultry Science

261

167

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“…Broadly speaking, ionophores in low concentration stimulate the immune response, and in higher doses have immunosuppressive effect [33, 42]. Long et al [28] found that monensin at 60–100 ppm reduced the immune response to infection with Eimeria , while concentration of 40 and 50 ppm allowed good development of immunity. Another ionophore, lasalocid, interferes partially with the development of immunity against E. tenella [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and distribution ofEimeriaspecies in broiler chicken farms of different capacities

2013

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We conducted a survey in broiler farms from Romania to establish prevalence and distribution of Eimeria species using single PCR assay. We found Eimeria spp. in 21 (91%) out of 23 flocks, and in 11 (92%) out of 12 farms. Four species of Eimeria were identified: E. acervulina (21/23; 91%), E. tenella (14/23; 61%), E. maxima (5/23; 22%) and E. praecox (3/23; 13%). Infection with a single species (E. acervulina) was detected in 6 (26%) infected flocks originated from large farms. Mixed infections were found in 15 (65%) flocks and the most prevalent combination was E. acervulina + E. tenella (8/23; 35%). Four flocks (17%) harboured mixed infection with E. acervulina + E. tenella + E. maxima. E. acervulina was significantly more prevalent in flocks that received ionophores as anticoccidial feed additives.

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“…The drug(s) should minimize the effect of coccidiosis but allow some development of the parasite in order to stimulate a high degree of immunity. Long et al (1979) found that 40 to 50 mg monensin/kg allowed immunity to develop in replacement breeders, whereas 100 to 121 mg monensin/kg was needed to prevent coccidial disease losses in broilers. Immunity is important in flocks because it enhances overall coccidiosis control and will prevent occurrence of coccidiosis during the withdrawal period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionophore toxicity in chickens: A review of pathology and diagnosis

Dowling¹

1992

Avian Pathology

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SUMMARYThe ionophores (polyether compounds) have been the predominant means of chemical control of coccidiosis in the past 15 years because of the slow development of resistant strains to them relative to other anticoccidial drugs. However, the ionophores have a narrow range of safety, and it is sometimes difficult to ensure an even distribution of the drug throughout the feed. Diagnosis of toxicity is difficult because of the reversibility of clinical signs and the variability of pathological lesions ranging from none to non-specific. This paper reviews the known pathology of ionophore toxicity and the inadequacies of present diagnostic approaches. Analysis for ionophores in feed may be made by silica gel and high performance thin layer chromatography, but tissue analyses for toxic levels, a more specific diagnostic aid, are not commonly carried out. Limited studies suggest that residues in even severely intoxicated birds remain low. Diagnosis relies upon clinical signs of inco-ordination, leg weakness, diarrhoea and depression, non-specific histopathological lesions of myopathy and the presence of high levels of ionophores in the feed. If, however, toxicity is due to uneven distribution, feed samples may return false negative results. Current diagnostic criteria are, therefore, unsatisfactory and there is a clear need to investigate other diagnostic approaches.

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The effect of some anticoccidial drugs on the development of immunity to coccidiosis in field and laboratory conditions

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Forty years of monensin for the control of coccidiosis in poultry

Forty years of monensin for the control of coccidiosis in poultry

Prevalence and distribution ofEimeriaspecies in broiler chicken farms of different capacities

Ionophore toxicity in chickens: A review of pathology and diagnosis

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