The Effect of Soil Type and Moisture Content on Head Impacts on Natural Grass Athletic Fields

Dickson, Kyley H.; Strunk, W.D.; Sorochan, John C.

doi:10.3390/proceedings2060270

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…No significant differences were detected in this study for HIC by treatment or by traffic event (Table 1). Previous literature found inherent differences between root zones, but changes in HIC due to traffic events have not been reported (Dickson et al., 2018b). The lack of differences in this study suggest that HIC is more sensitive to root zone composition and less sensitive to small changes in surface hardness of sand based root zones for bermudagrass.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Impact of stitched hybrid systems in hybrid bermudagrass athletic fields

Dickson

Sorochan

Strunk

2021

Intl Turfgrass Soc Res J

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The use of hybrid turf systems is very common in Europe and is increasing in popularity in the United States. Little research was found on the impact of stitched hybrid systems on hybrid bermudagrass 'NorthBridge' (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. Transvaalensis Burtt Davy) athletic fields. A study was conducted to determine the impact of stitched hybrid systems on hybrid bermudagrass performance at the University of Tennessee Center for Athletic Field Safety in Knoxville, TN USA in the fall of 2018 and 2019. A randomized complete block design with four replications was utilized. The study treatments consisted of synthetic fibers spacing stitched in 2 cm by 2 cm, 2 cm by 4 cm treatments, and an untreated control. Each plot received 30 games of simulated traffic events with 12 test variables collected including: percent green cover, surface hardness, head impact criteria, ball rebound, ball roll, angled ball rebound, vertical deformation, energy restitution, force reduction, surface temperature, and rotational and horizontal traction. Results indicated that the only differences among stitched treatments were in rotational traction with the 2 cm by 2 cm treatment having the highest values, increasing the traction for athletic movements.Traffic had a significant effect on green cover, surface hardness, head injury criterion, ball rebound, force reduction, energy restitution, and vertical deformation, regardless of treatment. These findings suggest that the stitched fiber system did not significantly impact hybrid bermudagrass athletic field performance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Impact of stitched hybrid systems in hybrid bermudagrass athletic fields

Dickson

Sorochan

Strunk

2021

Intl Turfgrass Soc Res J

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“…It has been reported that soil moisture content of cohesive soil affected head injury criteria, while sand root soil was not affected. 27 As all natural turfs tested in the present study have a sand base, the effect of soil moisture on their shock absorbency may be trivial. On the contrary, soil compacting has been found to be an influential factor to increase peak deceleration of impacting hammers and decrease turf deformations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Comparison of high-impact load-absorbing property of natural turf for professional use with various types of natural and artificial turfs in football

Nunome

Inoue

Ball

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the IMechE

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The present study aimed to illustrate load stress-strain properties of various types of natural and artificial turfs. A modified high-loading test rig was used to measure shock absorbency and concurrent deformation of these surfaces in situ to calculate quasi stress-strain curves. A natural turf professionally maintained for top professional league soccer matches (N-stadium) was used as the reference surface. Other surfaces included two natural turfs without professional maintenance (one with and one without polyethylene pile reinforcement), four new artificial turfs (sand infill only, rubber infill only, both sand and rubber, and thermoplastic elastomer infill), and one aged artificial turf (8 years old with sand/rubber infill). All artificial turfs failed to mimic two properties of N-stadium, plastic deformation, and hysteresis profile, suggesting N-stadium has more energy absorbable properties than those of artificial turfs. The aged artificial turf with conventional infill was substantially stiffer than the new artificial turf with the same infill, indicating age affects the stiffness of these surfaces. Also, distinctive differences were detected between N-stadium and other natural turfs, suggesting factors such as daily maintenance work are very influential on their quasi stress-strain properties. Interestingly, no difference in the quasi stress-strain curve existed between the natural turf with and without polyethylene pile reinforcement. While artificial surfaces are improving, there is still a difference in properties between these surfaces and natural turf pitches.

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“…One set of injuries in particular that can be related to field conditions are head injuries. A study conducted on natural grass athletic fields provided evidence that the incidence of head injuries may be lowered by managing the soil water content of athletic fields (Dickson et al, 2018). In another study, field-related injuries occurred primarily as a result of shoe-surface traction.…”

Section: Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using agronomic data to minimize the impact of field conditions on player injuries and enhance the development of a risk management plan

Walker

2022

JSA

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An important aspect of facility management is the development of a comprehensive risk management plan. Player safety has only recently been a consideration when developing a risk management plan. Field conditions have not received much attention as it relates to player safety. Several injuries at Optus Stadium in Perth, Australia raised questions about the playing surface being the cause. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of established athletic field agronomic measures to predict injuries from football fields and soccer pitches. Logistic regression was used to predict injury based upon soil compaction, soil moisture, surface firmness, and turfgrass quality. Results indicate that athletic fields that met good standards had the lowest probability of injury and injury probability is the highest when field conditions are considered poor. These results provide parameters facility and athletic field managers can use to determine whether an athletic field demonstrates a low risk of injury, needs to be improved, or a game should be canceled.

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The Effect of Soil Type and Moisture Content on Head Impacts on Natural Grass Athletic Fields

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Impact of stitched hybrid systems in hybrid bermudagrass athletic fields

Impact of stitched hybrid systems in hybrid bermudagrass athletic fields

Comparison of high-impact load-absorbing property of natural turf for professional use with various types of natural and artificial turfs in football

Using agronomic data to minimize the impact of field conditions on player injuries and enhance the development of a risk management plan

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