The Effect of Sodium Intake on Maternal Milk Electrolytes and Aldosterone, Corticosterone and 18-Hydroxydeoxy-corticosterone Production in the Offspring of Rats

Dlouhá, H; Erdösová, R; Kraus, Michal; Škopková, Jana

doi:10.1159/000240538

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Although we did not measure the concentration of sodium in milk from lactating rats, previous studies have reported that an LS diet reduced sodium levels in milk. 42,43 HS and LS diets may influence organ development when administered during pregnancy, with reports of reduced nephron number and a predisposition to hypertension later in life in neonates. 36 Our study was designed to minimize these effects with the administration of LS to mothers before birth rather than at the beginning of pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal Vasculopathy Is Reduced by Dietary Salt Restriction

Deliyanti

Armani

Casely

et al. 2014

ATVB

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Objective— Neovascularization and vaso-obliteration are vision-threatening events that develop by interactions between retinal vascular and glial cells. A high-salt diet is causal in cardiovascular and renal disease, which is linked to modulation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. However, it is not known whether dietary salt influences retinal vasculopathy and if the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system is involved. We examined whether a low-salt (LS) diet influenced vascular and glial cell injury and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in ischemic retinopathy. Approach and Results— Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were fed LS (0.03% NaCl) or normal salt (0.3% NaCl) diets, and ischemic retinopathy was induced in the offspring. An LS diet reduced retinal neovascularization and vaso-obliteration, the mRNA and protein levels of the angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor, and erythropoietin. Microglia, which influence vascular remodeling in ischemic retinopathy, were reduced by LS as was tumor necrosis factor-α. Macroglial Müller cells maintain the integrity of the blood–retinal barrier, and in ischemic retinopathy, LS reduced their gliosis and also vascular leakage. In retina, LS reduced mineralocorticoid receptor, angiotensin type 1 receptor, and renin mRNA levels, whereas, as expected, plasma levels of aldosterone and renin were increased. The aldosterone/mineralocorticoid receptor–sensitive epithelial sodium channel alpha (ENaCα), which is expressed in Müller cells, was increased in ischemic retinopathy and reduced by LS. In cultured Müller cells, high salt increased ENaCα, which was prevented by mineralocorticoid receptor and angiotensin type 1 receptor blockade. Conversely, LS reduced ENaCα, angiotensin type 1 receptor, and mineralocorticoid receptor expression. Conclusions— An LS diet reduced retinal vasculopathy, by modulating glial cell function and the retinal renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal Vasculopathy Is Reduced by Dietary Salt Restriction

Deliyanti

Armani

Casely

et al. 2014

ATVB

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“…Interestingly, sodium concentration in the milk does not vary with maternal salt intake. The dams maintain normal levels of sodium in the milk by mobilization of sodium from bones and muscles (7,35). In view of this limited sodium intake and physiological requirement for sodium conservation for optimal growth, the young rats are in a state of relative volume depletion, which is reflected by an activated reninangiotensin system (RAS) (31,38,40,41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of renal cortical cyclooxygenase-2 in young rats

Zhang¹,

Wang²,

Cheng³

et al. 2003

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

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Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is involved in kidney morphogenesis and is transiently elevated in the immature kidney. In adult rats, renal cortical COX-2 expression is tonically suppressed by mineralocorticoids (MC) and glucocorticoids (GC) and induced by chronic salt restriction. Young rats have low levels of GC and are in a state of relative volume depletion. The present study was designed to investigate the mechanisms underlying elevated cortical COX-2 expression in the immature kidney. Supplementation of GC or MC suppressed cortical COX-2 expression in suckling rats. GC suppression was significantly, but not completely, prevented by either an MC receptor antagonist or a GC receptor antagonist. MC suppression was completely prevented by a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. Salt supplementation suppressed cortical COX-2 expression in a dose- and time-dependent pattern in the suckling rats. Cortical COX-2 expression in the weanling rats was upregulated by a low-salt diet and downregulated by a high-salt diet. These results suggest that relative volume depletion and reduced GC levels are involved in elevated cortical COX-2 expression in the immature rodent kidney.

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“…Both sodium and potassium levels in the milk of rats can be altered by feeding them a low-salt or a high-salt diet (Dlouha et al, 1973;Vijande et al, 1996). When a high-salt diet (about 13%) was fed to pregnant ewes there was no change in the sodium concentration in their milk but, chloride levels in the milk increased (Meyer and Weir, 1954).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding pregnant ewes a high-salt diet or saltbush suppresses their offspring’s postnatal renin activity

Chadwick

Williams

Vercoe

et al. 2009

Animal

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If ewes consumed a high-salt diet or saltbush during the last 3 months of pregnancy and for 3 weeks after birth, we expected the renin activity of their lamb to be suppressed at birth and at 3 weeks of age. We also expected an increase in the concentration of cations other than sodium in the ewe's milk and an increase in the plasma Na concentration of the lamb at birth. To test these hypotheses, Merino ewes were fed a high-salt diet (14% NaCl) in an animal house and compared to control ewes eating a control diet (2% NaCl). In addition, we compared ewes grazing saltbush (about 13% salt in diet) to ewes grazing pasture from day 60 of pregnancy to 3 weeks after birth. Lambs born to ewes consuming saltbush had 85% lower ( P , 0.001) renin activity than offspring from ewes consuming pasture at 3 weeks of age. Similarly, lambs born to ewes consuming a high-salt diet had 20% lower renin activity at birth and 3 weeks ( P 5 0.07). Feeding ewes a high-salt diet or saltbush altered the mineral composition of the milk; the largest change was a 10% increase in K levels ( P < 0.05). Consuming a high-salt diet or saltbush lowered the plasma Na of ewes at 130 days of gestation (by 3-5 mmol/l; P , 0.001), but only lambs from ewes fed the high-salt diet had a lower plasma Na at birth ( P , 0.05). Suppression of the renin activity of lambs could lead to permanent physiological changes in salt balance in later life.

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The Effect of Sodium Intake on Maternal Milk Electrolytes and Aldosterone, Corticosterone and 18-Hydroxydeoxy-corticosterone Production in the Offspring of Rats

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

Retinal Vasculopathy Is Reduced by Dietary Salt Restriction

Retinal Vasculopathy Is Reduced by Dietary Salt Restriction

Regulation of renal cortical cyclooxygenase-2 in young rats

Feeding pregnant ewes a high-salt diet or saltbush suppresses their offspring’s postnatal renin activity

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