The effect of sodium hydroxide on crystallite orientation measurements in cotton fibers

Hébert, J.; Muller, Linda L.; Schmidt, Richard J.; Rollins, Mary L.

doi:10.1002/app.1973.070170221

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In practice, the fabric is in contact with the alkali for between 30 and 120 seconds. However, a perusal of mercerization literature reveals much higher treatment times ranging from several minutes to one hour [ 1,6,16,27,30,34 ] . For this exploratory study, we chose conditions that would ensure a high degree of mercerization, and consequently selected 25% w/v alkali, a 30 minute treatment time, and a range of mercerization temperatures.…”

Section: Fabric Mercerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Exploratory Study of Mercerized Cotton Fabrics by DRIFT Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

Kokot

Stewart

1995

Textile Research Journal

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Diffuse reflectance infrared spectra of differently mercerized cotton poplin fabrics are interpreted with the aid of fuzzy clustering and multivariate chemometrics methods (PCA and SIMCA). Fuzzy clustering analysis of spectra from blank, slack, and stretch mercerized samples shows that three clusters can be identified, and this conclusion is supported by the PCA display method and SIMCA classification. Spectra from slack mercerized samples, treated at three different temperatures, are also readily discriminated by the same three chemometrics methods.Mercerization is a well known and important treatment commonly applied to cotton fabrics to enhance their luster and dyeing properties [ 1 l, I 5, 25, 38 ] . It involves the application of concentrated caustic solutions at elevated temperatures. Significant changes result from this treatment, with different conditions producing different fiber and fabric properties. For this reason, it is useful to have rapid techniques that can discriminate differently mercerized samples. At present, principle tests that are used to determine the state of mercerization are based on staining techniques and microscopic examination [ 25,38 ] ; neither of these ap-proaches is accurate or quantitative. X-ray diffraction methods, which have been used to detect ccystallinity changes in cellulose [ 39 ], including detailed studies referring to mercerized cotton [ 33, 34 J, are comparatively time consuming and costly.Infrared spectroscopy is a recognized technique for studying cotton cellulose. Since the late 1940s, when Rowan et al. [ 31 published a paper on the first infrared spectrum of a film of regenerated cotton cellulose, vibrational spectroscopy has been used extensively in this 6eld [ 23,24 ] . In 1950, Forziati et al. [ 8 ] showed that during preparation of a Nujol mull, the grinding of cotton fibers produced some changes in the structure of cellulose, which were reflected in the IR spectra.

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Section: Fabric Mercerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Exploratory Study of Mercerized Cotton Fabrics by DRIFT Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

Kokot

Stewart

1995

Textile Research Journal

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“…As a result of this there is improvement in various physical and chemical properties of cotton such as Swelling and shrinkage of cellulose [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Structural modification [10][11][12][13][14][15] increased luster [2,[16][17][18] gain in strength [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] increased moisture absorption, dye absorption and reactivity, removal of immature cotton [7,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. When cotton is immersed in a solution of caustic soda, swelling of cotton takes place due to diffusion of water and alkali.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Caustic Soda Concentration for Causticization of Cotton

Chavan¹

2012

J Health Med Inform 2012

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The scientific basis of the mercerization of cotton with caustic soda is well documented in the literature. There is always a brief mention of the process of causticization for improvement in color yield in the chapter on mercerization in any standard book on chemical processing of cotton. In the literature the concentration of caustic soda recommended for causticization varies from 11-19% (w/v). Obviously there must be scientific basis for such recommendations. However, no experimental details are available in the literature for the choice of caustic soda concentration to be used for cauaticization of cotton. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to provide this missing link. For the authenticity of the results the experiments were designed on the basis of single factor completely randomized design using Design Expert Software. The experimental evidences indicated that optimum benefits of causticization for improved color yield can be obtained at 14-16% caustic soda concentration which is in agreement with the literature values. Wet-on-wet dyeing gave better color yield compared to dyeing after drying. In view of this it is suggested to carry out causticization on padding mangle followed by washing and dyeing on jigger. The option of wet on wet dyeing can be used for exhaust dyeing whereas for pad dyeing this option will not be suitable because of exchange of water from wet fabric resulting in dilution of pad liquor. Since the causticization is carried out without tension, fabric shrinkage is unavoidable.

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A study of X‐ray orientation in never‐dried cotton fibers

Iyer¹,

Iyer²,

Patil³

1985

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Investigations in the recent past have led to the opinion that the spiral angle of fibrils in different genetic varieties of cotton is more or less the same and that the differences found in X-ray orientation angle measured on fiber bundles are due largely to the influence of convolutions formed during the initial desiccation of fibers in the cotton bolls. It was Meredith,1,2 who observed for the first time that the spiral angle deduced from refractive indices is nearly the same (ca. 21") for all varieties of cotton when the effect of convolutions is corrected for. An extension of this work by Betrabet et al.3 to Indian cottons also led to the same conclusion.More recently, Hebert4 measured the spiral angle by Hakshorne's optical method6 and confirmed the earlier observation that spiral angle of cotton is a constant at around 21". Duckett and Tripp6 using a single-fiber X-ray technique showed that the variation in spiral angle among different varieties is small. Morosoff and Ingram7 examined the interconvolution tracts by X-ray diffraction as well as by Hartshorne's method and found that the spiral angle is a constant in the range 20-23". De Luca and Orr? on the other hand, have reported a range of values for the sprial angle (12-18") among different varieties on the basis of a modified Xray method.One thing common to all earlier investigations on the true spiral angle of cotton discussed above has been the use of naturally dried, convoluted fibers for the measurement.

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The effect of sodium hydroxide on crystallite orientation measurements in cotton fibers

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

An Exploratory Study of Mercerized Cotton Fabrics by DRIFT Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

An Exploratory Study of Mercerized Cotton Fabrics by DRIFT Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

Optimization of Caustic Soda Concentration for Causticization of Cotton

A study of X‐ray orientation in never‐dried cotton fibers

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