The Effect of Sodium Bentonite in the Thermo-Catalytic Reduction of Viscosity of Heavy Oils

Abstract

To study the synergistic catalysis of an ex situ catalyst and in situ clay in the aquathermolysis of heavy oil, in this paper, a series of bentonite-supported catechol-metal complexes were prepared, and the catalytic viscosity reduction performance in the aquathermolysis of heavy oil was investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the viscosity can be reduced by 73%, and the pour point can be lowered by 15.0 °C at most, showing the synergistic catalysis of the ex situ catalyst and in situ clay in this aquathermolytic reaction. Thermogravimetry, physical adsorption-desorption, and scanning electron microscopy were conducted to characterize the thermal stability and microstructure of the ex situ catalyst. The components of the heavy oil before and after the reaction were fully characterized. Six model compounds were used to simulate the aquathermolysis reaction process. In order to study the mechanism of viscosity reduction after the catalytic aquathermolysis reaction, the compounds were analyzed by GC-MS. It is believed that these results will be beneficial in the future for related research in this field.

Water-Soluble Fe(III) Complex Catalyzed Coupling Aquathermolysis of Water-Heavy Oil-Methanol

“…Therefore, their elimination during the aquathermolysis reaction is crucial for enhancing the oil's quality. The observed changes in the elemental composition of the oil demonstrate the effectiveness of the aquathermolysis reaction in modifying the oil's chemistry [20][21][22]. By breaking down larger hydrocarbon chains and eliminating heteroatoms, the reaction improves the fluidity and overall quality of the oil, making it more suitable for various industrial applications.…”

Comparison of Traditional and Sequential Approaches for Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Heavy Oil Upgrading

“…The reason is the lower bond energy of heteroatoms, 37,62 as well as the fact that the compounds with highly condensed aromatic rings are susceptible to desulfurization reactions. 63 Whereas the opposite behavior is displayed for the experimental yield of aromatics and saturates, being them the common products of heavy fractions. 64−67 The calculated yields for resins and aromatics displayed similar values employing the kinetic model with and without stoichiometric coefficients.…”

Study on the use of waste polypropylene-based mask in crude oil as viscosity reducer

“…(Fig. 8) The molecules of the viscosity reducer will adsorb on the surface of dispersed resin and asphaltene, preventing the re polymerization of resin and asphaltene, thereby improving the owability of crude oil [32,33]. The viscosity reducer can also penetrate and diffuse into the lamellar molecular structure of resin and asphaltene to loosen the stacked molecules and form irregular lamellar particles [34,35].…”

“…where C is the total cost of PAP crude oil ow improver, ¥/ton; M 0 is the proportion of toluene in the ow improver of crude oil containing CPPA per ton, which is 0.29985 tons/ton ; C 0 is the cost per ton of toluene, 6211 ¥/ton; M pp is the proportion of PP per ton in the ow improver, which is 0.00015 tons/ton; M 1 is the proportion of diesel oil in the ow improver of crude oil containing CPPA per ton, which is 0.27983 tons/ton; C 1 is the cost of per ton of diesel, 9674 ¥/ton; M 2 is the ratio of polyethylene glycol (3000) in the ow improver of crude oil containing CPPA per ton, which is 0.00017 tons/ton; C 2 is the cost of per ton of diesel, 9900 ¥/ton; M 3 is the proportion of oil-soluble viscosity reducer in the ow improver of crude oil containing CPPA per ton, which is 0.42 tons/ton ; C 3 is the cost per ton of diesel, 6000 ¥/ton ; C e is the price of industrial electricity in China, 0.725 ¥/kW•h; Q is the power consumption when the waste mask is heated to 60°C, kW • h; η is the conversion rate when electric power is converted into heat, %; c is the speci c heat capacity of PP 1.9 J/g•°C [32,33]; m is the quality of the treated waste mask, g; ΔT is the change of temperature during heat treatment, °C. According to the above formula (2) (3), from room temperature (25°C) to 60°C, the heat required for sterilization is 66,500 kJ/t.…”