The Effect of Social Support on Mental and Behavioral Outcomes Among Adolescents With Parents With HIV/AIDS

Lee, Sung–Jae; Detels, Roger; Rotheram‐Borus, Mary Jane; Duan, Naihua

doi:10.2105/ajph.2005.084871

Cited by 74 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…In a nationally representative sample of adolescent boys who had experienced violence (e.g., witnessed violence, physical assault, and sexual assault), positive social support following trauma reduced the risk of delinquency and violent behaviors (Maschi, Bradley, & Morgan, 2008). In contrast, research has revealed that negative social support (e.g., criticism, blaming responses) or a lack of social support immediately following trauma was associated with increased rates of adolescent depression and other negative outcomes (Bal et al, 2005;Lee et al, 2007). For example, among the most vulnerable adolescents, such as those who are HIV-affected, negative social support following trauma was significantly associated with increased rates of adolescent depression, lower self-esteem, and conduct problems (Lee et al, 2007).…”

Section: Social Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, research has revealed that negative social support (e.g., criticism, blaming responses) or a lack of social support immediately following trauma was associated with increased rates of adolescent depression and other negative outcomes (Bal et al, 2005;Lee et al, 2007). For example, among the most vulnerable adolescents, such as those who are HIV-affected, negative social support following trauma was significantly associated with increased rates of adolescent depression, lower self-esteem, and conduct problems (Lee et al, 2007). Loss of social support was also found to be related to higher rates of PTSD; adolescents who had recently lost someone close to them were among the most vulnerable to repeating trauma and developing PTSD (Dell'Osso, 2011b).…”

Section: Social Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Related to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adolescence

Nooner

Linares²,

Batinjane

et al. 2012

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

142

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Studies of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adolescence published from 2000 to 2011 indicate that adolescents are at greater risk of experiencing trauma than either adults or children, and that the prevalence of PTSD among adolescents is 3-57%. Age, gender, type of trauma, and repeated trauma are discussed as factors related to the increased rates of adolescent PTSD. PTSD in adolescence is also associated with suicide, substance abuse, poor social support, academic problems, and poor physical health. PTSD may disrupt biological maturational processes and contribute to the long-term emotion and behavior regulation problems that are often evident in adolescents with the disorder. Recommendations are presented for practice and research regarding the promotion of targeted prevention and intervention services to maximize adolescents' strengths and minimize vulnerabilities. Public policy implications are discussed.Keywords adolescent, trauma, posttraumatic stress, abuse, development, risk factors, suicidality, substance use Key Points of the Research Review Trauma in AdolescenceFour of five adolescents meet DSM criteria for exposure to a serious traumatic event. Of these, 3-57% meet diagnostic criteria for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Child maltreatment is a common type of trauma for those under 18. There were over 2 million reported cases in the United States in 2008, which likely represents a fraction of the actual incidents of abuse and neglect. PTSD in AdolescenceThe average rate of adolescent PTSD was nearly 14% among studies conducted in the last decade. Rates of PTSD in adolescence are related to type of trauma. Trauma that is associated with more shame and deviance is associated with higher rates of PTSD (e.g., for sexual abuse 57% have PTSD vs. 10% for natural disasters). Risk Factors for PSTDRates of traumatic exposure peak in adolescence compared to adulthood, which is associated with correspondingly higher rates of PTSD (adult PTSD 7% vs. adolescent PTSD 13%). Adolescent females are twice as likely to develop PTSD following a significant trauma than males. Repeated trauma, regardless of type, heightens the probability of PTSD symptoms and diagnosis. Adolescents with less social support are more likely to experience trauma and develop PTSD.Serious physical health problems increase risk of PTSD in adolescence. Correlates of PTSDAdolescents with PTSD are significantly more likely to have failed a grade or to have been suspended than those without PTSD. Over 80% of individuals with PTSD have a comorbid substance-use disorder, typically beginning in adolescence. Approximately 6% of adolescents with PTSD have made a suicide attempt versus less than 2% for adolescents with no history of trauma or PTSD. Brain imaging studies relate PTSD and trauma to differences in emotion regulation, dopamine, and norepinephrine activation.

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Section: Social Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Social Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Related to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adolescence

Nooner

Linares²,

Batinjane

et al. 2012

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

142

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Domestic violence with physical punishment experience (23)(24)31,56) Difficulties with family relationships (parents and siblings) (13,31,61) Parents and friends influence to use drugs (14,56) Low emotional support at home during childhood (15,60) Alcohol abusive parents (47,54) Parents divorce 0, 19)to de tristeza; átricos. (19) Family financial problems (38) Parents with low well-being levels (52) Bad experience of family communication (52) Parents that live with or died of HIV/Aids (60) 26.4…”

Section: Family Relatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(19) Family financial problems (38) Parents with low well-being levels (52) Bad experience of family communication (52) Parents that live with or died of HIV/Aids (60) 26.4…”

Section: Family Relatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors associated with mental health issues in adolescents: a integrative review

Pinto

Luna

Sivla

et al. 2014

Rev. esc. enferm. USP

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Objective: To identify the risk factors associated with mental health issues in adolescents. Method: An integrative review was conducted in four databases with publications from 2007 to 2013. The terms Adolescent and Mental Health were used to search adequate articles as DeCs/MeSH bases. Results: Publications were found in different journals in different fields of knowledge and the quantitative research was the most frequent. The mental health issues were categorized as individual factors; drug related factors, school factors, family factors, social factors and STDs/Aids related factors. The most addressed category was individual factors, with 23 publications. Conclusion: The integrative review allowed to point important questions to be addressed in preventive actions by the health professional, including the nurse, to create a space that works with risk conditioning factors in adolescents for mental health aggravation.

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“…6 The effect of injury to a parent on recovery from injury in children and adolescents warrants further attention. Research on parental medical illness such as HIV and cancer documents the increased risk of their children for substance abuse, risky sexual behavior, emotional distress, 12 and increased prevalence of somatic symptoms. 13 Injuries sustained by parents in combat can have a variety of psychological effects on their children.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Injury and Psychological Health of Children

Rivara

McCarty

Shandro³

et al. 2014

Pediatrics

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:Injuries sustained by parents in combat can also have a variety of psychological effects on children in the family. However, there has been little research on the effect of parental injury on children in the civilian setting. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:The effects of injury of parents impacted children' s functioning by negatively affecting the healthrelated quality of life of the injured children, over and above the effect of any injury itself to the child. Injury to the parent also increased the likelihood of his or her uninjured children having PTSD symptoms 5 months after the parent' s injury. abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine how parental injury affects the psychological health and functioning of injured as well as uninjured children. METHODS:We recruited 175 parent-child dyads treated at a regional trauma center in 4 groups: parent and child both injured in the same event, child-only injured, parent-only injured, and neither parent nor child met criteria for significant injury. The preinjury health and functioning of parents and children were assessed with follow-up at 5 and 12 months. RESULTS:Parents who were injured themselves showed higher levels of impairment in activities of daily living, quality of life, and depression at both follow-up assessments than parents who were not injured. Children in dyads with both parent and child injured had the highest proportion of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms at both 5 and 12 months. In addition, children with an injured parent but who were not injured themselves were more likely to report PTSD symptoms at 5 months.CONCLUSIONS: There were bidirectional effects of parental and child injury on the outcomes of each other. Injuries to the parent negatively affected the health-related quality of life of the injured children, over and above the effect of the injury itself on the child. Of great concern is the effect of parental injury on risk of stress and PTSD among uninjured children in the home. Pediatrics 2014;134:e88-e97 AUTHORS:

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The Effect of Social Support on Mental and Behavioral Outcomes Among Adolescents With Parents With HIV/AIDS

Cited by 74 publications

References 24 publications

Factors Related to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adolescence

Factors Related to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adolescence

Risk factors associated with mental health issues in adolescents: a integrative review

Parental Injury and Psychological Health of Children

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