The Effect of Social Support and Acculturation on Postpartum Depression in Mexican American Women

Martinez-Schallmoser, Lucy; Telleen, Sharon; MacMullen, Nancy J.

doi:10.1177/1043659603257162

Cited by 117 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…28,29 Although a solid body of work focuses on Latinas and mental health, fewer studies focus on mental health in pregnant Latinas exposed to intimate partner violence. Depression, ranging from 38% to 51% among pregnant Latinas, 30,31 is the most common mental health outcome associated with intimate partner violence. There is also evidence of an association between intimate partner violence and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), [32][33][34][35][36][37] but little is known about PTSD rates among pregnant Latinas or differences in depression or PTSD and exposure to intimate partner violence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intimate Partner Violence, Depression, and PTSD Among Pregnant Latina Women

Rodríguez¹,

Heilemann²,

Fielder³

et al. 2008

The Annals of Family Medicine

161

126

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PURPOSE We undertook a study to describe factors related to depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among pregnant Latinas who were or were not exposed to intimate partner violence. METHODSWe interviewed 210 pregnant Latinas attending prenatal clinics located in Los Angeles, California. Latinas who did and did not have histories of intimate partner violence were recruited. We then assessed the women for strengths, adverse social behavioral circumstances, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression. RESULTSSignifi cantly more women exposed to intimate partner violence scored at or above the cutoff point for depression than women who were not (41% vs 18.6%; P <.001). Signifi cantly more women exposed to intimate partner violence scored at or above the cutoff point for PTSD than women who were not (16% vs 7.6%; P <.001). Lack of mastery, which measures feelings of being in control of forces that affect life (odds ratio [OR], 0.72; 95% confi dence interval [CI], 0.62-0.84), a history of trauma not associated with intimate partner violence (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.08-1.63), and exposure to intimate partner violence (OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.16-5.11) were associated with depression after adjusting for age, language of interview, and site effects. Stress (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.34-2.2) and a history of trauma (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.03-2.04) were independently associated with PTSD, whereas higher income was associated with decreased risk of PTSD (OR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.02-0.63), after adjusting for age, language of interview, and site effects.CONCLUSIONS Intimate partner violence was signifi cantly associated with depression and PTSD but was associated with depression only after controlling for other factors in the multivariate model. The risk for depression declined with greater mastery but increased with a history of trauma or exposure to intimate partner violence. Stress, a history of trauma not associated with intimate partner violence, and lower income were all independently associated with increased risk for PTSD. INTRODUCTIONA pproximately 1.5 million women in the United States experience intimate partner violence every year. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] The prevalence among pregnant women is estimated at 5.2%.14 Thus, intimate partner violence is at least as common as gestational diabetes (2% to 3%) and approaches rates of preeclampsia (5.7% to 14.3%). 15 Moreover, 23% to 52% of women who experienced abuse during pregnancy were battered in the year before conception. 5,16,17 Women abused during pregnancy have 3 times the odds of attempted or completed homicide, 18 are more likely to have unplanned pregnancies and seek pregnancy care after 20 weeks, and are at greater risk for adverse birth outcomes 19 and maternal complications. [20][21][22][23] Intimate partner violence is also associated with such adverse health behaviors as smoking [24][25][26] and problem drinking. 26,27 The prevalence of intimate partner violence among Latinas in the United States during pregnancy and the perin...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intimate Partner Violence, Depression, and PTSD Among Pregnant Latina Women

Rodríguez¹,

Heilemann²,

Fielder³

et al. 2008

The Annals of Family Medicine

161

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The rates may double or triple when other risk factors are present, such as poverty, relocation, or medical problems during pregnancy [2][3][4][5]. As alarming as these rates may seem, they may underestimate the prevalence of PD, since up to 50% of all postnatal depressed cases go undetected and untreated [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Attachment Traumas in Postpartum Depression with Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy: Addressing the Self-Critical Personality

Schlager¹

2016

Clinics Mother Child Health

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Intensive Short-term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) is a treatment that has shown promise in addressing attachment ruptures that lie at the root of postpartum depression (PD). ISTDP can provide rapid symptom relief while also addressing the underlying maladaptive personality structures that cause and prolong PD. These vulnerabilities can include self-neglect, harshness toward the self and others, and difficulty regulating emotions. Research has shown that this self-critical personality style, usually resulting from having distant or harsh parenting, is highly correlated with PD. ISTDP directly addresses these self-critical patterns, commonly referred to in the psychodynamic literature as "superego pathology". These patterns are thought to result from the identification with harsh caregivers. A woman may doubt her capacity as a caregiver, push away supports, minimize or ignore her feelings, project her fears and anger onto the baby, dismiss her instincts and idealize authority figures. If these tendencies are not addressed, a woman is likely to pass along these enduring patterns to her baby and future generations. Early, rapid, and effective psychotherapy treatments that address these underlying non-conscious defense mechanisms are essential in healing PD and ensuring a positive mother-infant bond.

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“…One study found up to 35% of the African-American female population reporting PPD symptoms (Moses- Kolko & Roth, 2004) while another found 38% of Mexican-American participants with PPD (Martinez-Schallmoser et al, 2003). Symptoms begin about two weeks after delivery and include a depressed mood, anxiety, short temper, feeling hopeless, lack of interest in the newborn baby or other activities in general, decreased appetite, lower levels of concentration/ focus, feelings of guilt, depressed mood, and sleeplessness (United States Department of Health & Human Services, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desired assistance versus care received for postpartum depression: access to care differences by race

Zittel-Palamara

Rockmaker²,

Schwabel³

et al. 2008

Arch Womens Ment Health

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One in seven women who have a baby will experience postpartum depression. Although there are many treatments for postpartum depression, many women do not receive assistance. When left untreated, this condition can have a deleterious affect on the woman's health/mental health, the child's cognitive, psychological, emotional and social development, the marital relationship and ability to contribute to society. This study examined 45 women's self-reported desire for PPD care and ability to obtain these services in Erie County, New York. Results showed differences in desired care by race, differences in access to care by race and revealed the lack of PPD care in general.

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The Effect of Social Support and Acculturation on Postpartum Depression in Mexican American Women

Cited by 117 publications

References 41 publications

Intimate Partner Violence, Depression, and PTSD Among Pregnant Latina Women

Intimate Partner Violence, Depression, and PTSD Among Pregnant Latina Women

Treatment of Attachment Traumas in Postpartum Depression with Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy: Addressing the Self-Critical Personality

Desired assistance versus care received for postpartum depression: access to care differences by race

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