The Effect of Small Doses of Drugs on Oocyst Production of Infections With Eimeria Tenella

Brackett, Sterling; Bliznick, Alexander

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1949.tb53949.x

Cited by 24 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Reid (1975) suggested that observations of oocyst sporulation could provide useful information and noted that almost complete inhibition has been claimed for certain adenine derivatives which are the subject of a recent British Patent (International Minerals and Chemical Corporation, 1973). This aspect of anticoccidial activity is only just receiving recognition, although more than 25 years ago Brackett & Bliznick (1949) reported the partial inhibition of sporulation by sulphaquinoxaline and nitrophenide. Kogan (1960) reported experiments with E. necatrix in which it was shown that two sulphonamide preparations caused marked reductions in oocyst production and sporulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anticoccidial effects of amprolium, dinitolmide and monensin against Eimeria maxima, E. brunetti and E. acervulina with particular reference to oocyst sporulation

Joyner

Norton

1977

Parasitology

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Chicks infected with the Weybridge strains of Eimeria maxima and E. acervulina were not protected by the normal levels of amprolium, but the sporulation of the oocysts was inhibited. With higher drug concentrations, fewer oocysts were produced. E. brunetti was not so markedly affected, although oocyst sporulation was reduced by the higher dosage levels. The effects were not enhanced by the inclusion of ethopabate.With dinitolmide the phenomenon was not so marked, although oocyats of E. maxima and E. acervulina were reduced in numbers by the normal drug concentration and sporulation was reduced when this level was increased. Much higher drug levels were required to obtain these effects with E. brunetti. Monensin at 120 ppm affected neither oocyst numbers nor their sporulation in any of the species tested. The significance of the effects of anticoccidial drugs on gametogony and sporogony is discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anticoccidial effects of amprolium, dinitolmide and monensin against Eimeria maxima, E. brunetti and E. acervulina with particular reference to oocyst sporulation

Joyner

Norton

1977

Parasitology

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“…The eimerian oocysts were examined by sucrose centrifugal flotation method ( Uga et al, 2000 ). The number of oocysts per gram (OPG) was determined by diluting the feces after filtering through a steel mesh as reported previously ( Brackett and Bliznick, 1949 ). Several positive samples, which contained a large number of oocysts and could be examined within 2–3 weeks after being shedded, were incubated in a 2.5% potassium dichromate (K 2 Cr 2 O 7 ) solution at 25 °C to allow the oocysts to sporulate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance of Eimeria species in wild Japanese rock ptarmigans, Lagopus muta japonica, and insight into parasitic seasonal life cycle at timberline regions of the Japanese Alps

Matsubayashi

Tsuchida

Ushida

et al. 2018

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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The Japanese rock ptarmigan, Lagopus muta japonica, inhabits the alpine zone of mountainous areas at 3000 m above sea level. Since L. m. japonica is endangered due to a decline in the overall population, controlling infectious diseases such as those caused by protozoan parasites is a critical factor in the conservation of this species. Although Eimeria spp. are considered to have a negative impact on Japanese rock ptarmigan populations, the ecological interactions between the parasites and their hosts have not yet been fully clarified. We therefore conducted seasonal surveys of the prevalence of Eimeria spp. in Japanese rock ptarmigan populations. In addition, we recorded the ambient temperature in ptarmigan habitat and characterized the ability of eimerian isolates to acquire infectivity. Eimeria spp. were detected in 217 of 520 (41.7%) Japanese rock ptarmigan fecal samples in 2006 and in 177 of 308 (57.5%) fecal samples in 2007. Specifically, we observed two types of oocysts characteristic of E. uekii and type B. In adult birds and chicks, infection rates increased towards August (summer) and then decreased as the temperature decreased toward November (winter). Oocyst counts per gram (OPG) of feces peaked in August in adults and chicks, and OPG values were markedly higher in chicks than in adults. Isolated Eimeria spp. oocysts sporulated at temperatures as low as 8 °C and remained viable after being stored at 4 °C for 6 months. Our findings suggest that Eimeria spp. can complete their annual lifecycle in the cold timberline regions inhabited by the host, the Japanese rock ptarmigan, and that Eimeria spp. infection is widespread in the bird populations examined.

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“…Several concepts were introduced, such as the importance of selecting a concentration of drug that would control coccidiosis but at the same time permit the acquisition of immunity (Allen & Farr, 1942), and that protection could be achieved with a schedule of intermittent medication (Seeger & Tomhave, 1946;Delaplane et al, 1947) or by the continuous use of a low level of drug (Allen & Farr, 1943;Swales, 1946;Brackett & Bliznick, 1949). It was shown that, under conditions of natural exposure, chicks given sulphaquinoxaline in the feed did not acquire solid protection until they were 5 weeks of age (Koutz, 1948).…”

Section: Early Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticoccidial drugs and their effects upon the development of immunity toEimeriainfections in poultry

Chapman

1999

Avian Pathology

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The long-held view that anticoccidial drugs, to a greater or lesser extent, interfere with the development of immunity to Eimeria species may no longer be correct because few drugs, if any, are capable of preventing some degree of parasite multiplication. Acquisition of immunity is, therefore, a real possibility, providing suf® cient parasites are present in the environment. Immunity is an important consideration during the rearing of replacement layers, broiler breeders, turkeys, and gamebirds, but little research has been carried out on the effects of drugs on immunity development in these categories of stock. In recent years, there has been a change in the perception of the signi® cance of immunity in broilers, and some broiler producers have taken this into consideration when designing drug programs for use in the ® eld. Studies in¯oor pens and the ® eld indicate that broilers given various drug programs can develop immunity when exposed to natural infections but that this process takes time: solid immunity not developing until birds are 6 to 7 weeks of age. This suggests that drugs should not be withdrawn from the feed prematurely since birds may not have had time to develop adequate immunity.

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The Effect of Small Doses of Drugs on Oocyst Production of Infections With Eimeria Tenella

Cited by 24 publications

References 7 publications

The anticoccidial effects of amprolium, dinitolmide and monensin against Eimeria maxima, E. brunetti and E. acervulina with particular reference to oocyst sporulation

The anticoccidial effects of amprolium, dinitolmide and monensin against Eimeria maxima, E. brunetti and E. acervulina with particular reference to oocyst sporulation

Surveillance of Eimeria species in wild Japanese rock ptarmigans, Lagopus muta japonica, and insight into parasitic seasonal life cycle at timberline regions of the Japanese Alps

Anticoccidial drugs and their effects upon the development of immunity toEimeriainfections in poultry

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