The effect of sleep deprivation on sleep in rats with suprachiasmatic lesions

Tobler, Irene; Borbély, Alexander A.; Groos, G. A.

doi:10.1016/0304-3940(83)90420-2

Cited by 157 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The ultradian sleep patterns recorded during the euthermic intervals in this study strongly resemble those of animals rendered arrhythmic by ablation of the SCN (SCNx) (14,43,49,52). SCNx results in a loss of the circadian consolidation of sleep and wakefulness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Sleep in SCNx animals is dominated by the ultradian sleep-wake cycle (14,23,43). However, loss of circadian sleep-wake consolidation does not affect sleep homeostasis; homeostatic responsiveness of SWA to sleep deprivation remains intact in SCNx animals (49,52), as it does in hibernators during their euthermic intervals, with the exception of the first several hours of euthermia (30,31,46). The homeostatic responses of increased SWA following wakefulness, a decreasing trend in SWA during NREM sleep, and the inverse relationship between SWA and sigma activity in NREM sleep were also seen in the present study (Figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Loss of circadian organization of sleep and wakefulness during hibernation

Larkin

Franken

Heller

2002

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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[851][852][853][854][855][856][857][858] 1997]. Animals maintained under constant conditions continued to display circadian rhythms in both sigma activity and brain temperature throughout euthermic intervals, whereas sleep and wakefulness showed no circadian organization. Instead, sleep and wakefulness were distributed according to a 6-h ultradian rhythm. SWA, NREM sleep bout length, and sigma activity responded homeostatically to the ultradian sleep-wake pattern. We suggest that the loss of sleep-wake consolidation in ground squirrels during the hibernation season may be related to the greatly decreased locomotor activity during the hibernation season and may be necessary for maintenance of multiday torpor bouts characteristic of hibernating species. slow-wave activity; sigma activity; circadian rhythms; circannual rhythms; Spermophilus lateralis THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY was to determine if there is a loss or a lessening of circadian control over sleep during the hibernation season in golden-mantled ground squirrels. The reason this question is posed is that torpor and hibernation appear to be evolutionary extensions of nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep (28,56). Torpid animals are predominantly in a NREM sleeplike state for many days at a time. In nonhibernators and in hibernators during the active season, sleep and wakefulness are organized into a daily cycle by the circadian system. It appears that the circadian system tends to consolidate wakefulness during a portion of the circadian cycle, thus creating a sleep need that is expressed when the circadian promotion of wakefulness is relaxed (2, 14). When an animal enters torpor, the inactive or rest phase of its daily cycle expands to the total exclusion of the active phase. Therefore, the circadian system may be suppressed or the wake-consolidating function of the circadian system may be inactivated to allow the multiday bouts of torpor that characterize hibernation.Cortical electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and other physiological variables such as body (T b ) and brain (T br ) temperatures reflect modulation by both sleep and circadian mechanisms, and therefore these variables were recorded in this study to investigate changes in sleep and circadian control associated with hibernation. Cortical EEG activity in the range of 10-15 Hz, called sigma activity, is the hallmark of NREM sleep spindles (44). Sigma activity is elevated in light NREM sleep during the active phase and is low in deep, consolidated sleep during the inactive or rest phase of the circadian cycle (50). Sigma activity is determined by both circadian and sleep homeostatic factors (9, 12).Cortical EEG activity in the range of 1-4 Hz, called delta activity or slow-wave activity (SWA), is the hallmark of the depth of NREM sleep. SWA is therefore the standard measure of sleep homeostasis because it is primarily determined by the duration of prior wakefulness (2) and is minimally influenced by the circadian system (9). Sleep deprivation results in elevated SWA during recovery sleep (11,19,...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of circadian organization of sleep and wakefulness during hibernation

Larkin

Franken

Heller

2002

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…Because we performed all experiments under 12 hr light/dark conditions in the present study, we were not able to discriminate between the input from the central clock in the SCN and the presence of light, as the relevant modulator. Circadian signals from the SCN are known to suppress locomotor activity (Buijs and Kalsbeek, 2001) and wakefulness (Mistlberger et al, 1983;Tobler et al, 1983;Dijk and Czeisler, 1995) during the rest phase. Independently of the SCN, however, light also has a direct suppressive effect on locomotor activity (Redlin, 2001) and probably on wakefulness (Fishman and Roffwarg, 1972;Benca et al, 1998) in nocturnal animals (i.e., the masking effect).…”

Section: Modulation Of Orexin Neuron-mediated Vigilance Regulation Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

Orexin Neurons Function in an Efferent Pathway of a Food-Entrainable Circadian Oscillator in Eliciting Food-Anticipatory Activity and Wakefulness

Mieda¹,

Williams²,

Sinton³

et al. 2004

J. Neurosci.

191

129

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Temporal restriction of feeding can entrain circadian behavioral and physiological rhythms in mammals. Considering the critical functions of the hypothalamic orexin (hypocretin) neuropeptides in promoting wakefulness and locomotor activity, we examined the role of orexin neurons in the adaptation to restricted feeding. In orexin neuron-ablated transgenic mice, the food-entrained rhythmicity of mPer2 expression in the brain and liver, the reversal of the sleep-wake cycle, and the recovery of daily food intake were unaltered compared with wild-type littermates. In contrast, orexin neuron-ablated mice had a severe deficit in displaying the normal foodanticipatory increases in wakefulness and locomotor activity under restricted feeding. Moreover, activity of orexin neurons markedly increased during the food-anticipatory period under restricted feeding in wild-type mice. Orexin neurons thus convey an efferent signal from putative food-entrainable oscillator or oscillators to increase wakefulness and locomotor activity.

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“…1983;Tobler et al 1983). Evidence that one of the two processes can be independently manipulated, has been obtained in a study in which the circadian phase of Process C (as indexed by body temperature and plasma melatonin) was shifted by bright light in the morning, while the time course of slow-wave activity remained unaffected (Dijk et al 1987c.…”

Section: Experiments Testing the Original Version Of The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concepts and models of sleep regulation: an overview

Borbély

Achermann

1992

Journal of Sleep Research

203

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S U M M A R Y Various mathematical models have been proposed to account for circadian, ultradian and homeostatic aspects of sleep regulation. Most circadian models assume that multiple oscillators underlie the differences in period and entrainment properties of the sleep/wake cycle and other rhythms (e.g. body temperature).Interactions of the oscillators have been postulated to account for multimodal sleep/wake patterns. The ultradim models simulate the cyclic alternation of nonREM sleep and REM sleep by assuming a reciprocal interaction of two cell groups. The homeostatic models propose that a sleep/wake dependent process (Process S ) underlies the rise in sleep pressure during waking and its decay during sleep. The time course of this process has been derived from EEG slow-wave activity, an indicator of nonREM sleep intensity. The predictions of homeostatic models have been most extensively tested in experiments. The interaction of Process S with a single circadian process can account for multimodal sleep/wake patterns, internal desynchronization and the time course of daytime sleepiness. Close links have emerged between the processes postulated by the various models and specific brain mechanisms. Due to its recent quantitative elaboration and experimental validation, the modelling approach has become one of the potent research strategies in sleep science.KEYWORDS circadian, homeostatic, mathematical model, nap, ultradian O V E R V I E W OF T H E M O D E L SThree basic processes underlie sleep regulation: (1) A homeostatic process mediating the rise in 'sleep pressure' during waking and the dissipation of 'sleep pressure' during sleep; (2) a circadian process, a clock-like mechanism defining the alternation of periods with high and low sleep propensity and being basically independent of prior sleep and waking; and (3) an ultradian process occurring within sleep and represented by the alternation of the two basic sleep states nonREM sleep and REM sleep. The three processes are illustrated schematically in Fig. 1. The tables provide a synopsis of models that have been proposed to account for circadian, ultradian and homeostatic aspects of sleep regulation. The mathematical equations of the major models are compiled in the appendix. Models of circadian rhythms (Table 1)The main objectives of these models are (1) to simulate spontaneously occurring phenomena in free-running Correspondence: Professor A. Borbkly, Institute of Pharmacology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 32, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland rhythms such as changing phase-relations between the sleep/wake cycle and the temperature rhythm, and the splitting of the rest-activity rhythm into two components; and (2) to account mainly for the effects of light, the major zeitgeber, on the phase, amplitude and period of circadian rhythms. The database of the models consists in general of records of rest and activity rather than of polygraphically recorded sleep and waking. Moreover, the models attempt to describe general features of the circadian system rathe...

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The effect of sleep deprivation on sleep in rats with suprachiasmatic lesions

Cited by 157 publications

References 8 publications

Loss of circadian organization of sleep and wakefulness during hibernation

Loss of circadian organization of sleep and wakefulness during hibernation

Orexin Neurons Function in an Efferent Pathway of a Food-Entrainable Circadian Oscillator in Eliciting Food-Anticipatory Activity and Wakefulness

Concepts and models of sleep regulation: an overview

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