The effect of six key process control parameters on the surface roughness, dimensional accuracy, and porosity in material extrusion 3D printing of polylactic acid: Prediction models and optimization supported by robust design analysis

Vidakis, Nectarios; David, Constantine; Petousis, Markos; Sagris, Dimitrios; Mountakis, Nikolaos; Moutsopoulou, Amalia

doi:10.1016/j.aime.2022.100104

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 65 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For the material extrusion (MEX) 3D printing process, research on the mechanical properties of parts built with polymers, such as Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], Polycarbonate (PC) [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ], Polylactic Acid (PLA) [ 8 , 9 , 10 ], Polyamide 12 (PA12) [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) [ 16 , 17 ], polyester [ 18 ] is extensive. Polymers have been studied in the pure form [ 3 , 4 , 8 , 11 , 16 , 19 ] and as matrices in composites [ 9 , 12 , 18 ]. Commonly used approaches to study polymers’ effects on material extrusion manufacturing processes are both theoretical (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…numerical calculations) [ 20 , 21 , 22 ] and experimental methodologies [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. For the analysis of the results various modeling tools are often used, such as the Taguchi design [ 3 , 8 , 9 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 19 ], full factorial Design of Experiments [ 27 , 28 ], Box-Behnken design [ 13 ], Analysis of Variances (ANOVA) [ 11 , 29 , 30 ], and artificial neural networks modeling [ 12 ]. For the MEX 3D printing process research on its sustainability is still limited and related to the energy efficiency of the process [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Energy Consumption vs. Tensile Strength of Poly[methyl methacrylate] in Material Extrusion 3D Printing: The Impact of Six Control Settings

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The energy efficiency of material extrusion additive manufacturing has a significant impact on the economics and environmental footprint of the process. Control parameters that ensure 3D-printed functional products of premium quality and mechanical strength are an established market-driven requirement. To accomplish multiple objectives is challenging, especially for multi-purpose industrial polymers, such as the Poly[methyl methacrylate]. The current paper explores the contribution of six generic control factors (infill density, raster deposition angle, nozzle temperature, print speed, layer thickness, and bed temperature) to the energy performance of Poly[methyl methacrylate] over its mechanical performance. A five-level L25 Taguchi orthogonal array was composed, with five replicas, involving 135 experiments. The 3D printing time and the electrical consumption were documented with the stopwatch approach. The tensile strength, modulus, and toughness were experimentally obtained. The raster deposition angle and the printing speed were the first and second most influential control parameters on tensile strength. Layer thickness and printing speed were the corresponding ones for the energy consumption. Quadratic regression model equations for each response metric over the six control parameters were compiled and validated. Thus, the best compromise between energy efficiency and mechanical strength is achievable, and a tool creates significant value for engineering applications.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Consumption vs. Tensile Strength of Poly[methyl methacrylate] in Material Extrusion 3D Printing: The Impact of Six Control Settings

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Consequently, the increased layer height/thickness would increase print efficiency (i.e., decrease print time) at the cost of print resolution due to the stair-case effect of layer slicing. 99 Moreover, thicker fibers with greater tensile strength (i.e., more resistance to deformation) would require larger radii of curvature during path planning which constraints part design. [100][101][102] In addition, satisfactory polymer permeation is difficult to achieve for thicker natural continuous fibers bundles, which results in high void fraction in printed parts.…”

Section: Printing Temperature/extrusion Temperature/nozzle Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Naturally, the diameters of filaments would increase with thicker fibers. Consequently, the increased layer height/thickness would increase print efficiency (i.e., decrease print time) at the cost of print resolution due to the stair‐case effect of layer slicing 99 . Moreover, thicker fibers with greater tensile strength (i.e., more resistance to deformation) would require larger radii of curvature during path planning which constraints part design 100–102 .…”

Section: Effect Of Processing Parameters On Part Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of fused filament fabrication of continuous natural fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites: Techniques and materials

Tao

Zhang

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The combination of continuous natural fiber and fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing enables the manufacturing of low carbon emitting, environment friendly, lightweight, and high strength biomass composites with designated geometry characteristics. In current literature, reviews associated with continuous fiber 3D printing primarily cover synthetic fibers, such as carbon fiber, Kevlar, and glass fiber. Very few pieces of literature on the FFF printing of continuous natural fibers are available. Techniques/methodologies for incorporating continuous natural fiber reinforcements in FFF is an emerging field of research. A comprehensive review and discussion on current progress and the future prospects of continuous natural fiber 3D printing would be beneficial to its development. This article summarizes the current research status of continuous natural fiber 3D printing, including information on printing techniques, materials, and the influence of printing parameters on composite properties, so as to provide reference for the future development of FFF technology using continuous natural fiber and thermoplastic composites.

show abstract

“…PLA was chosen as a benchmark for our experiments, enabling us to compare the predictions of our model. This decision is driven by the extensive research on this material, its diverse applications, its easy processability, and its mechanical properties. − PLA is an aliphatic polyester derived from natural sources such as sugar and corn . Its renewable and biodegradable nature makes it environmentally friendly, while its availability, affordability, and ease of printing contribute to its widespread adoption .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between Mechanical and Dielectric Dynamic Behavior Using Fractional Models: Application to Polylactic Acid

Fakraoui,

Arous,

Royaud

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The complementarity between mechanical and dielectric properties is crucial, as it facilitates a comprehensive understanding of material behavior, enabling optimal using. This work mainly focuses on the use of broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) to investigate the electrical and mechanical aspects of polymer relaxation phenomena. We have opted to conduct experiments on polylactic acid (PLA) due to its well-known use in various applications, attributed to its notable properties and essential relaxation processes. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to identify characteristic temperatures for distinguishing different relaxation processes in the polymer. The obtained experimental results were analyzed using the mechanical fractional model (MFM) and the dielectric fractional model (DFM). The fractional model parameters confirm that higher temperatures correlate with increased molecular mobility within macromolecular chains, especially in relaxation processes associated with the glass transition. Subsequently, a fractional calculus approach is employed to investigate the correlation between the complex modulus and complex permittivity of PLA. This correlation model enables the prediction of the real permittivity ε′(T) curve from the real modulus E′(T) data, providing valuable insights into PLA behavior. These results suggest that the correlation model has the potential to predict the dielectric behavior of a polymer based on its mechanical results and vice versa.

show abstract

The effect of six key process control parameters on the surface roughness, dimensional accuracy, and porosity in material extrusion 3D printing of polylactic acid: Prediction models and optimization supported by robust design analysis

Cited by 34 publications

References 65 publications

Energy Consumption vs. Tensile Strength of Poly[methyl methacrylate] in Material Extrusion 3D Printing: The Impact of Six Control Settings

Energy Consumption vs. Tensile Strength of Poly[methyl methacrylate] in Material Extrusion 3D Printing: The Impact of Six Control Settings

A review of fused filament fabrication of continuous natural fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites: Techniques and materials

Correlation between Mechanical and Dielectric Dynamic Behavior Using Fractional Models: Application to Polylactic Acid

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About