The Effect of Simulation Nursing Education Using the Outcome-Present State-Test Model on Clinical Reasoning, the Problem-Solving Process, Self-Efficacy, and Clinical Competency in Korean Nursing Students

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a simulation nursing education program in terms of clinical reasoning, problem-solving process, self-efficacy, and clinical competency using the Outcome-Present State-Test (OPT) model in nursing students. The participants comprised 45 undergraduate nursing students recruited from two universities in Korea. The number of nursing students assigned to the experimental group and control group were 25 and 20, respectively. For a period of two weeks, the experimental group received a simulation nursing education program using the OPT model, while the control group received a traditional clinical practicum. The data were analyzed using prior homogeneity tests (Fisher’s exact test and paired t-test); ANCOVA was performed to investigate the differences in dependent variables between the two groups. There was a significant improvement in clinical reasoning (F = 10.59, p = 0.002), problem-solving process (F = 30.92, p < 0.001), and self-efficacy (F = 36.03, p < 0.001) in the experimental group as compared to the control group (F = 10.59, p = 0.002). Moreover, the experimental group showed significantly higher scores in clinical competency than the control group (F = 11.07, p = 0.002). This study demonstrates that the simulation nursing education program using the OPT model for undergraduate students is very effective in promoting clinical reasoning, problem-solving processes, self-efficacy, and clinical competency.

A comparison of the effects of teaching through simulation and the traditional method on nursing students' self-efficacy skills and clinical performance: a quasi-experimental study

“…Furthermore, the findings of Hsin-Hsin Lin showed that the simulation-based approach significantly impacts nursing students' self-efficacy and performance qualifications [29], which was also in line with the findings obtained in the current study. Yon Hee Seo et al showed that simulation-based education significantly impacts Korean nursing students' clinical argument, problem-solving processes, self-efficacy, and clinical qualification [30], which was in line with the current study's findings. Moreover, the findings of Salwa et al indicated that the simulation-based approach significantly impacts nursing students' communicative skills, self-efficacy, and clinical qualification [31].…”

Effects of handover education using the OPT model and SBAR protocol in nursing students: A quasi-experimental design

“…These results suggest that the quality of communication was improved by applying the SBAR protocol to nurses [34], and clinical competency and communication con dence improved by applying the OPT model. This result is similar to that of a previous study [14]. In addition, the SBAR protocol stepby-step education program based on Bloom's Revised Taxonomy for nursing students was found to improve communication ability in another study [35].…”

“…The OPT model provides a clinical reasoning framework that can improve the clinical reasoning competency of nursing students by focusing on how the patient's current health status changes to the expected outcome status [11]. As a result of previous studies, nursing students who used the OPT model thought at a higher level and thought of nursing problems from a different perspective [12,13], the knowledge level of understanding, treatment, and nursing intervention of the patient's disease have increased, as have the habit of thinking, self-e cacy [10] and problem-solving process [12,14] in clinical practice.…”

Correlations and predictors of nursing simulation among Saudi students

“…Despite its popularity and prominence of simulation as one of the most effective methods for teaching nursing concepts in many healthcare settings and nursing schools globally, 8–11 only a few reported studies have been conducted on simulation among Saudi nursing students. One such study finds that simulation helps nursing students learn the requisite clinical knowledge and expertize that they then practice in a healthy and supervised atmosphere 12 .…”