The effect of short-term temperature exposure on vital physiological processes of mixoplankton and protozooplankton

Ferreira, Guilherme Duarte; Grigoropoulou, Afroditi; Saiz, Enric; Calbet, Albert

doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105693

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Under these conditions, protozoans should not necessarily show a noticeable decrease in size due to temperature . A similar situation is found in microalgae, which usually follow the temperature-size rule (Atkinson et al, 2003;Ferreira et al, 2022;Walczyńska & Sobczyk, 2017), but after long thermal acclimation may equilibrate photosynthesis and respiration rates (Barton et al, 2020;Padfield et al, 2015) and the relationship between size and temperature may disappear (Schaum et al, 2018). Our data seem to agree with such a theory.…”

Section: The Corresponding Data On Ingestion and Division Rates Ofsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In this section, we want to explore the reasons why when working with protozoans actively feeding on prey, the temperature–size rule seems to apply (e.g. Ferreira et al, 2022; Forster et al, 2013; Hinners et al, 2017; Weisse et al, 2002). Before exposing our hypothesis about why these results occur, we should briefly examine the different explanations given in the literature for the temperature–size rule in protozoans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to this theory, bodily demands would be more dependent on temperature, with different scaling exponents with size (Angilletta & Dunham, 2003; Verberk et al, 2021), than prey capture and ingestion, overall resulting in smaller sizes at warmer temperatures. This hypothesis may be the case for some species and temperature ranges (Calbet et al, 2014, 2022; Calbet & Saiz, 2022; Straile, 1997), but it does not work for others (Angilletta & Dunham, 2003; Calbet & Saiz, 2022; Caron et al, 1986; Ferreira et al, 2022). All previous hypotheses may be partly valid, although none have been proven to be universal (Audzijonyte et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does the temperature–size rule apply to marine protozoans?

Calbet

Saiz

2023

Functional Ecology

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Section: The Corresponding Data On Ingestion and Division Rates Ofsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does the temperature–size rule apply to marine protozoans?

Calbet

Saiz

2023

Functional Ecology

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“…have shown increased rates of bacterivory with temperature and overall shifts towards a more heterotrophic metabolism [ 19 – 21 ]. In contrast, the freshwater dinoflagellate Dinobryon sociale and marine dinoflagellate Karlodinium armiger show increased relative contributions of photosynthesis with temperature [ 22 , 23 ] indicating that mixotrophs’ underlying physiological constraints will shape their thermal response [ 22 ] Further, it is unclear how mixotrophs will respond over evolutionary timescales due to the costs they experience from maintaining two fundamentally different forms of metabolism [ 24 – 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the metabolic evolution of mixotrophic phytoplankton in response to rising ocean surface temperatures

2022

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Background Climate change is expected to lead to warming in ocean surface temperatures which will have unequal effects on the rates of photosynthesis and heterotrophy. As a result of this changing metabolic landscape, directional phenotypic evolution will occur, with implications that cascade up to the ecosystem level. While mixotrophic phytoplankton, organisms that combine photosynthesis and heterotrophy to meet their energetic and nutritional needs, are expected to become more heterotrophic with warmer temperatures due to heterotrophy increasing at a faster rate than photosynthesis, it is unclear how evolution will influence how these organisms respond to warmer temperatures. In this study, we used adaptive dynamics to model the consequences of temperature-mediated increases in metabolic rates for the evolution of mixotrophic phytoplankton, focusing specifically on phagotrophic mixotrophs. Results We find that mixotrophs tend to evolve to become more reliant on phagotrophy as temperatures rise, leading to reduced prey abundance through higher grazing rates. However, if prey abundance becomes too low, evolution favors greater reliance on photosynthesis. These responses depend upon the trade-off that mixotrophs experience between investing in photosynthesis and phagotrophy. Mixotrophs with a convex trade-off maintain mixotrophy over the greatest range of temperatures; evolution in these “generalist” mixotrophs was found to exacerbate carbon cycle impacts, with evolving mixotrophs exhibiting increased sensitivity to rising temperature. Conclusions Our results show that mixotrophs may respond more strongly to climate change than predicted by phenotypic plasticity alone due to evolutionary shifts in metabolic investment. However, the type of metabolic trade-off experienced by mixotrophs as well as ecological feedback on prey abundance may ultimately limit the extent of evolutionary change along the heterotrophy-phototrophy spectrum.

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“…have shown increased rates of bacterivory with temperature and overall shifts towards a more heterotrophic metabolism [19][20][21]. In contrast, the freshwater dinoflagellate Dinobryon sociale and marine dinoflagellate Karlodinium armiger show increased relative contributions of photosynthesis with temperature [22][23] indicating that mixotrophs' underlying physiological constraints will shape their thermal response [22] Further, it is unclear how mixotrophs will respond over evolutionary timescales due to the costs they experience from maintaining two fundamentally different forms of metabolism [24][25][26].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the metabolic evolution of mixotrophic phytoplankton in response to rising ocean surface temperatures

Gonzalez

Proulx

Moeller

2022

Preprint

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Background: Climate change is expected to lead to warming in ocean surface temperatures which will have unequal effects on the rates of photosynthesis and heterotrophy. As a result of this changing metabolic landscape, directional phenotypic evolution will occur, with implications that cascade up to the ecosystem level. While mixotrophic phytoplankton, organisms that combine photosynthesis and heterotrophy to meet their energetic and nutritional needs, are expected to become more heterotrophic with warmer temperatures due to heterotrophy increasing at a faster rate than photosynthesis, it is unclear how evolution will influence the response of these organisms to warmer temperatures. In this study, we used adaptive dynamics to model the consequences of temperature-mediated increases in metabolic rates for the evolution of mixotrophic phytoplankton. Results: We find that bacterivorous mixotrophs tend to evolve to become more reliant on heterotrophy as temperatures rise, leading to reduced prey abundance through higher grazing rates. However if prey abundance becomes too low, evolution favors greater reliance on photosynthesis. These responses depend upon the tradeoff that mixotrophs experience between investing in photosynthesis and heterotrophy. Mixotrophs with a concave tradeoff maintain mixotrophy over the greatest range of temperatures; evolution in these generalist mixotrophs exacerbates carbon cycle impacts, with evolving mixotrophs exhibiting increased sensitivity to rising temperature. Conclusions: Our results show that mixotrophic phytoplankton may respond more strongly to climate change than predicted by phenotypic plasticity alone due to evolutionary shifts in metabolic investment. However, the type of metabolic tradeoff experienced by mixotrophs as well as ecological feedback on prey abundance may ultimately limit the extent of evolution along the heterotrophy-phototrophy spectrum.

show abstract

The effect of short-term temperature exposure on vital physiological processes of mixoplankton and protozooplankton

Cited by 9 publications

References 60 publications

Does the temperature–size rule apply to marine protozoans?

Does the temperature–size rule apply to marine protozoans?

Modeling the metabolic evolution of mixotrophic phytoplankton in response to rising ocean surface temperatures

Modeling the metabolic evolution of mixotrophic phytoplankton in response to rising ocean surface temperatures

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