The Effect of Short-Term Hyperglycemia on the Innate Immune System

Jafar, Nagham; Edriss, Hawa; Nugent, Kenneth

doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2015.11.011

Cited by 342 publications

(320 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High glucose levels are highly associated with immune system impairment, particularly on neutrophils [1]. Hyperglycemia reduces the phagocytic activity and ability of neutrophils to form extracellular traps to kill bacteria [1]. On the other hand, hyperglycemia due to both insulin deficiency and insulin resistance significantly affect the lipid metabolic pathways [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Therapeutic potentials of Crataegus azarolus var. eu- azarolus Maire leaves and its isolated compounds

Abu‐Gharbieh

Shehab

2017

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundHyperglycemia is a complicated condition accompanied with high incidence of infection and dyslipidemia. This study aimed to explore the phyto-constituents of Crataegus azarolus var. eu- azarolus Maire leaves, and to evaluate the therapeutic potentials particularly antimicrobial, antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic of the extract and the isolated compound (3β-O-acetyl ursolic acid).MethodsTotal phenolics and flavonoidal contents were measured by RP-HPLC analysis. Free radicals scavenging activity of different extraction solvents was tested in-vitro on DPPH free radicals. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract and its fractions as well as the isolated compounds were evaluated in-vitro on variable microorganisms. Animal models were used to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of the ethanolic extract along with the isolated compound (3β-O acetyl ursolic acid).ResultsRP- HPLC analysis of the phenolics revealed high content of rutin, salicylic and ellagic acids. Six compounds belonging to triterpenes and phenolics were isolated from chloroform and n-butanol fractions namely: ursolic acid, 3β-O-acetyl ursolic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin 3-O-β methyl ether, rutin and apigenin7-O-rutinoside. Ethanolic extract showed the highest DPPH radical scavenger activity compared to other solvents. Ethanolic extract, hexane fraction, ursolic acid, 3β-O acetyl ursolic acid and quercetin 3-O-methyl ether showed variable antimicrobial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and C. albicans. Administration of the ethanolic extract or 3β-O acetyl ursolic acid orally to the mice reduced blood glucose significantly in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Ethanolic extract significantly reduced LDL-C, VLDL-C, TC and TG and increased HDL-C in rats. Ethanolic extract and 3β-O acetyl ursolic acid reduced in-vitro activity of pancreatic lipase.ConclusionThis study reveals that Crataegus azarolus var. eu- azarolus Maire has the efficiency to control hyperglycemia with its associated complications. This study is the first to evaluate antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic potentials of 3β-O acetyl ursolic acid.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1729-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic potentials of Crataegus azarolus var. eu- azarolus Maire leaves and its isolated compounds

Abu‐Gharbieh

Shehab

2017

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…High glucose levels reduce phagocytosis and bacterial killing by neutrophils and reduce the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps which kill bacteria in the absence of ingestion by phagocytosis. Hyperglycemia also has important effects on micro vascular function which could result in increased permeability, effects on complement, and effects on cytokine production and the balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines (9). Hyperglycemia associated with increased glucose uptake in the cells can have direct toxic effects through glucotoxicity (10,11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hyperglycemia does have direct effects on the innate immune system, particularly on neutrophils (9). High glucose levels reduce phagocytosis and bacterial killing by neutrophils and reduce the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps which kill bacteria in the absence of ingestion by phagocytosis.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Hyperglycemia and outcomes in patients with sepsis

2016

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Effect of Intraoperative Dexamethasone on Major Complications and Mortality Among Infants Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Ломиворотов

Kornilov

Boboshko

et al. 2020

JAMA

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IMPORTANCECorticosteroids are widely used in pediatric cardiac surgery to blunt systemic inflammatory response and to reduce complications; nevertheless, their clinical efficacy is uncertain.OBJECTIVE To determine whether intraoperative administration of dexamethasone is more effective than placebo for reducing major complications and mortality during pediatric cardiac surgery. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThe Intraoperative Dexamethasone in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery was an investigator-initiated, double-blind, multicenter randomized trial that involved 4 centers in China, Brazil, and Russia. A total of 394 infants younger than 12 months, undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were enrolled from December 2015 to October 2018, with follow-up completed in November 2018. INTERVENTIONSThe dexamethasone group (n = 194) received 1 mg/kg of dexamethasone; the control group (n = 200) received an equivolume of 0.9% sodium chloride intravenously after anesthesia induction. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe primary end point was a composite of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, acute kidney injury, prolonged mechanical ventilation, or neurological complications within 30 days after surgery. There were 17 secondary end points, including the individual components of the primary end point, and duration of mechanical ventilation, inotropic index, intensive care unit stay, readmission to intensive care unit, and length of hospitalization.RESULTS All of the 394 patients randomized (median age, 6 months; 47.2% boys) completed the trial. The primary end point occurred in 74 patients (38.1%) in the dexamethasone group vs 91 patients (45.5%) in the control group (absolute risk reduction, 7.4%; 95% CI, −0.8% to 15.3%; hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.60 to 1.10; P = .20). Of the 17 prespecified secondary end points, none showed a statistically significant difference between groups. Infections occurred in 4 patients (2.0%) in the dexamethasone group vs 3 patients (1.5%) in the control group.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among infants younger than 12 months undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, intraoperative administration of dexamethasone, compared with placebo, did not significantly reduce major complications and mortality at 30 days. However, the study may have been underpowered to detect a clinically important difference.

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The Effect of Short-Term Hyperglycemia on the Innate Immune System

Cited by 342 publications

References 84 publications

Therapeutic potentials of Crataegus azarolus var. eu- azarolus Maire leaves and its isolated compounds

Therapeutic potentials of Crataegus azarolus var. eu- azarolus Maire leaves and its isolated compounds

Hyperglycemia and outcomes in patients with sepsis

Effect of Intraoperative Dexamethasone on Major Complications and Mortality Among Infants Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

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