The Effect of Short Stature on Children’s Cognitive Abilities and Psychosocial Condition

Abstract

Background: Children are categorized as short stature when the Height for Age results are below the 3rd percentile of CDC growth chart standard. Short stature on children will have an impact on increased mortality and morbidity, children's cognitive development, and psychological abilities. This study aims to investigate the effect of short stature on cognitive abilities and psychosocial condition of primary school children. Subjects and Method:A cross-sectional study was conducted at Pasar Kliwon 01 Primary School, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. A total of 81 students from 3rd -5th grades of were selected by consecutive sampling. The dependent variables were cognitive ability and psychosocial condition. The independent variable was body height. Body height was measured by microtoise. Cognitive ability was assessed based on mathematics, Indonesian language, and natural sciences score. Psycho-social condition was assessed using Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: Short stature increased cognitive ability (OR= 2.86; 95% CI= 1.03 to 7.92; p= 0.043), and it was statistically significant. Short stature increased psychosocial condition, (OR= 2.24; 95% CI= 0.51 to 9.70; p= 0.279), but it was statistically non-significant. Conclusion: Short stature increases cognitive ability and psychosocial condition.

Mengenali Perawakan Pendek Abnormal Pada Anak

“…3,4 Perawakan pendek dikaitkan dengan disabilitas, peningkatan morbiditas dan mortalitas, gangguan perkembangan kognitif anak, rendahnya prestasi belajar di sekolah, penurunan produktivitas, gangguan psikososial, dan lain-lain. 5,6 Individu pendek memiliki kualitas hidup lebih rendah dan beban sosial ekonomi lebih tinggi dibandingkan individu berperawakan normal. 5 Beban sosial ekonomi perawakan pendek dapat dimulai pada masa anak-anak hingga dewasa, serta berdampak negatif juga pada keluarga atau pengasuh mereka.…”

“…5 Beban sosial ekonomi perawakan pendek dapat dimulai pada masa anak-anak hingga dewasa, serta berdampak negatif juga pada keluarga atau pengasuh mereka. 5,6 PERTUMBUHAN ANAK Secara umum, pertumbuhan optimal anak dipengaruhi oleh interaksi 4 faktor utama, yaitu faktor genetik, faktor nutrisi (kalori, protein, kalsium, mineral, vitamin), faktor hormonal (growth hormone/GH, insulin-like growth factor-I/IGF-I), tiroid, insulin, sex steroid, glukokortikoid), dan faktor lingkungan. 7 Lingkungan yang sehat termasuk tidur cukup, olahraga, dan faktor psikososial (sikap positif, harga diri, rasa aman, rasa dicintai).…”

“…haler. 5,6 Nebulizer Inhaler (DPI dan MDI) ditentukan dari rasio U/L dan pengukuran rentang lengan (arm span). 7 Segmen bawah diukur dari simfisis pubis ke lantai pada posisi pasien berdiri dan tanpa alas kaki, sedangkan segmen atas ditentukan dari pengurangan tinggi badan dengan segmen bawah.…”