The Effect of Sex and Age Differences on Pathology Results in Primary Bladder Cancer Patients

Abstract

Objective: Bladder cancer is more frequently seen in males, whereas prognosis is usually worse in female patients. Although many factors affect the prognosis of urothelial carcinoma of bladder have been proposed, the effect of female gender on the prognosis of bladder urothelial carcinoma is controversial. Several factors have been suggested regarding the effect of gender difference on the prognosis of bladder urothelial carcinoma. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 589 patients who underwent transurethral resection for the first time between January 2011 and January 2017 with preliminary diagnosis of bladder cancer was performed. Age, sex, tumor stage, histological subtype and tumor grade were evaluated in the study. Results: No significant difference was found between the sexes in terms of tumor stage (p=0.663). The rate of high-grade tumors was 48.6% (n=235) in males and 63% (n=41) in females and statistically significantly higher in females than males (p<0.041). As the age progressed, it was found that tumor stage and extend increased (p<0.0001). Tumor grade and histological subtype were not statistically significant in terms of age groups. Conclusion:In this study, newly diagnosed bladder tumor patients evaluated and revealed more in male gender. Furthermore, when evaluated in terms of age groups, it was shown that the stage and degree of the tumor increased as the age increased.

Urothelial carcinoma and its association with age and gender.

“…Bladder malignancy is further frequently noted among males, while prognosis is generally worse among females. 13 In this study males were found in the majority 51(61.4%) and females were 32(38.6%), which is similar to the study of Türk H et al, 13 which reported that out of five hundred sixty-nine patients, 497 (87.30%) cases were males and 72 (12.70%) were females. In recent times, many reviews have summarized and interpreted outcomes from published investigations on the gender disparity in prognosis of bladder malignancy.…”

“…In this series no significant variance was found in age groups in terms of grading of malignancy, while other studies reported that old age is significantly correlated with high grade urothelial malignancy. 13,20,21 This difference may be because age range was lower in our study in contrast to other studies.…”

“…In recent times, many reviews have summarized and interpreted outcomes from published investigations on the gender disparity in prognosis of bladder malignancy. [12][13][14][15][16] Multiple factors are suspected to influence the gender specific prognostic outcome. 12,16 Distinctive anatomy, deferrals from the earliest symptoms to diagnosis among women, changes in hormone receptors in addition to tumor biology and less ideal treatment for females were proposed to contribute in the observed disparities.…”