The effect of sewage sludge application on soil properties and willow (Salix sp.) cultivation

The Influence of Sewage Sludge and a Consortium of Aerobic Microorganisms Added to the Soil under a Willow Plantation on the Biological Indicators of Transformation of Organic Nitrogen Compounds

“…Energy farming has become popular in Poland because the biomass made from energy crops allows for the production of biofuel of high calorifi c value [1]. The willow is an energy crop that is commonly grown in Poland because it is possible to make fuel of high calorifi c value from this crop [2].…”

Nutrient content in wheat grain and straw using sludge and compost from a wastewater treatment plant as a fertiliser

“…In Spain, Royal Decree (RD) 1620/2007 sets the guidelines for water purification processes. The increasing number of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), built as a result of a legal imperative and technical needs, has led to a larger volume of generated sludge, which makes its management difficult . Political actions and legal regulations must focus on eliminating sewage sludge pollutant before its use.…”

“…Hence, the application of directly applied or composted WWTP sludge in agriculture has been repeatedly studied and tested in scientific studies. The agronomical aptitude of using sewage sludge in different crops has been studied for several years . However, although agricultural sewage sludge use may imply transferring heavy metals and pollutants to arable land, and even though regular applications can raise metal concentrations in soil to levels that are toxic to soil microorganisms and affect biological processes, it has been shown that sludge is an excellent alternative to traditional commercial fertilisers.…”

“…The increasing number of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), built as a result of a legal imperative and technical needs, has led to a larger volume of generated sludge, which makes its management difficult. 2,3 Political actions and legal regulations must focus on eliminating sewage sludge pollutant before its use. This would help to control the risk of using them in agriculture, which is the main application, as well as minimise risks for human health and environmental problems.…”

The Role of Organic and Inorganic Amendments in Carbon Sequestration and Immobilization of Heavy Metals in Degraded Soils

“…Stabilized sewage sludge in the composting process can be used as a source of nutrients and soil conditioner in fields. Application of low toxicity sewage sludge has a potential as an organic amendment and fertilizers which should be given a priority [16][17][18][19][20][21]. Biosolids used for remediation increases soil organic matter, with subsequent effect on it, water retention capacity and pH, buffer capacity and soil structure (aggregate stability, density, pore size).…”