Abstract:In an experiment designed to test aspects of the psychoanalytic theory of ego functioning, 18 male and 18 female subjects were assigned in equal numbers to a 3 1/2-hr period of either sensory deprivation (SD), social isolation (SI) or social participation (SP). Their level of autistic thinking was assessed by a word-association measure administered immediately before and immediately after the treatment condition to which each subject had been assigned. Results showed that subjects assigned to SD showed an incr… Show more
This study aimed to develop, and then test the validity and reliability of an ego strength scale for early school-age children that can be useful in research and clinical fields for measuring the ego strength of first-to third-grade children. Methods: The ego strength scale for early school-age children was developed through data collection, composition of components and questions, a preliminary survey, and a main survey. The main survey was conducted with 871 first-to third-grade children in Gyeonggi Province. Statistical analyses were conducted to verify the validity and reliability of the data. Results: First, the ego strength scale for early school-age children was designed to measure four factors, namely, competence, resilience, initiative, and sociability using 24 questions. Second, the validity and reliability of the ego strength scale were proven. Conclusions: This study developed and validated an ego strength scale for early school-age children. It is meaningful for laying a basis of research on strengthening children's ego.
This study aimed to develop, and then test the validity and reliability of an ego strength scale for early school-age children that can be useful in research and clinical fields for measuring the ego strength of first-to third-grade children. Methods: The ego strength scale for early school-age children was developed through data collection, composition of components and questions, a preliminary survey, and a main survey. The main survey was conducted with 871 first-to third-grade children in Gyeonggi Province. Statistical analyses were conducted to verify the validity and reliability of the data. Results: First, the ego strength scale for early school-age children was designed to measure four factors, namely, competence, resilience, initiative, and sociability using 24 questions. Second, the validity and reliability of the ego strength scale were proven. Conclusions: This study developed and validated an ego strength scale for early school-age children. It is meaningful for laying a basis of research on strengthening children's ego.
The case of a 5-year-old child diagnosed as having pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), autistic type, from age 1 is reported. After surgery of vegetation in middle ear for repetitive otitis, the child presented an improvement in autistic behaviours, previously expressed as impaired social interactions, qualitative abnormalities in communication, a marked delay in language development, echolalia, stereotypies and self-aggressive behaviours. The aim of this paper is to bring attention to occurrences of misdiagnosis of PDD, which can occur when an adequate screening of the autistic syndrome is not realised. The result of the surgery was an improvement in autistic behaviours, despite the persistence of less severe autistic traits that may be more closely related to Asperger's syndrome.
Introduction. The human resource issues for phar macists manipulating and dispensing cytotoxic drugs in safety cabinets and clean rooms, in accordance with Australian Standards, have been investigated. The technology is regulating, resulting in very formal procedures and work practices. Often staff work under conditions of restricted environmental stimula tion that can have effects on cognitive functioning and reduce efficiency for demanding tasks. Methods. Discussions were held with senior staff of twenty hospitals treating patients with cancer, one manufacturing facility, and one research laboratory, regarding work in cytotoxic drug suites. A survey was administered to staff working in these facilities. Issues explored included: work practices; rosters; cleaning; work flow; ergonomics; quality of work environment; clothing; certification of facilities, and training. Results and Discussion. The survey shows that the major stressors for people working in the facilities are the physical conditions, especially the tempera ture, and the lack of control over workflow. It confirms the importance of windows in the working environment and the need for communication facili ties. Design deficiencies in the technology that impact the quality of the work environment are identified. There are age differences with regard to perceptions of risk from cytotoxic drugs. The study identifies the need for further training, both in technique and understanding of the technology. Conclusion. Whilst minimising risk to staff, the adoption of the technology has had an impact on environment. Identification of these issues should enable improved facilities and work environment.
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