The Effect of Self-Feeding Salt-Cottonseed Meal Mixtures to Beef Cows

Riggs, J. K.; Colby, R. W.; Sells, Louis Vaughn

doi:10.2527/jas1953.122379x

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Totusek et al (1971) and Rush et al (1972) reported that salt levels between 20 and 29.5% were effective in limiting protein supplement intake to approximately 1.25 kg of DM/d for steers graz- ing Oklahoma winter range. Riggs et al (1953) evaluated salt level and intake of cows consuming dry winter range and reported that the inclusion of 25% salt in free-choice cottonseed meal limited intake to 2.0 kg/d.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of field pea-based creep feed on intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and performance by nursing calves grazing native range in western North Dakota1

Gelvin

Lardy

Soto-Navarro

et al. 2004

Journal of Animal Science

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Two experiments evaluated digestive and performance effects of field pea-based creep feed in nursing calf diets. In Exp.1, eight nursing steer calves (145 +/- 27 kg initial BW) with ruminal cannulas were used to evaluate effects of supplementation and advancing season on dietary composition, intake, digestion, and ruminal fermentation characteristics. Treatments were unsupplemented control (CON) and field pea-based creep (SUP; 19.1% CP, DM basis) fed at 0.45% BW (DM basis) daily. Calves grazed native range with their dams from early July through early November. Periods were 24 d long and occurred in July (JUL), August (AUG), September (SEP), and October (OCT). Experiment 2 used 80 crossbred nursing calves, 48 calves in yr 1 and 32 calves in yr 2 (yr 1 = 144 +/- 24 kg; yr 2 = 121 +/- 20 kg initial BW), to evaluate effects of field pea-based creep on calf performance. Treatments included unsupplemented control (CON); field pea-based creep feeds containing either 8% (LS); or 16% (HS) salt; and soybean meal/field pea-based creep containing (as-fed basis) 16% salt (HIPRO). Masticate samples from SUP calves in Exp.1 had greater CP (P = 0.05) than those from CON calves. Forage CP and ADIN decreased linearly with advancing season (P = 0.01 and 0.03, respectively). In vitro OM digestibility of diet masticate decreased from JUL to OCT (P < 0.01; 58.5 to 41.3%). Forage intake did not differ (P = 0.33) between treatments but increased linearly with advancing season (1.67, 1.90, 3.12, 3.38 kg/d for JUL, AUG, SEP, and OCT, respectively; P < 0.01). Milk intake (percentage of BW) did not differ (P = 0.56) between CON and SUP calves but decreased linearly (P < 0.01) with advancing season. Supplemented calves had greater (P = 0.03) total intake (g/kg of BW; forage + milk + creep) compared with CON calves. Treatment did not affect (P < 0.30) rate of in situ disappearance of forage or creep. Forage DM, CP, and creep DM disappearance rate decreased linearly (P < or = 0.02) with advancing season. Supplementation decreased (P = 0.05) ruminal pH, whereas ruminal ammonia and VFA concentrations were greater (P < or = 0.02) in SUP calves. In Exp. 2, creep-fed calves had greater ADG and final BW than CON calves (P < 0.01). Calves offered HS tended (P = 0.07) to have increased gain efficiency above CON than LS calves. Field peas can be used as an ingredient in creep feed to increase calf weight gain without negatively affecting ruminal fermentation and digestion.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of field pea-based creep feed on intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and performance by nursing calves grazing native range in western North Dakota1

Gelvin

Lardy

Soto-Navarro

et al. 2004

Journal of Animal Science

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“…steers grazing Oklahoma winter range. Additionally, Riggs et al (1953) demonstrated that when 25% salt was included in free choice cottonseed meal, supplement intake of pregnant beef cows consuming dry winter range was limited to 2.0 kg/d. Therefore, we expected NACL to limit supplement intake by steers to approximately 2.0 kg DM/d.…”

Section: Supplement Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A primary concern when administering self-limiting supplements is ensuring that animal intake is maintained at the desired level to provide supplemental nutrients to meet nutrient requirements (Bowman and Sowell, 1997). Including salt in supplements can effectively limit feed intake (Riggs et al, 1953;Cardon et al, 1951;Beeson et al, 1977). However, some research indicates that salt-limited supplements can result in high intake variation among animals (Bowman and Sowell, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-limiting supplements fed to cattle grazing native mixed-grass prairie in the northern Great Plains1

Schauer

Lardy

Slanger

et al. 2004

Journal of Animal Science

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Objectives of this research were to compare animal performance with or without supplementation, compare effectiveness of three intake limiters, and to examine seasonal changes in nutritive value of native range in south-central North Dakota. Treatments included 1) control (CONT; no supplement); 2) hand-fed (HF) supplement, with no chemical limiter; 3) 16% salt (NACL); 4) 5.25% ammonium chloride and ammonium sulfate (AS); and 5) 7% calcium hydroxide (CAOH). Supplements were based on wheat middlings, barley malt sprouts, and soybean hulls and were formulated to provide 40% of the CP intake and 32% of the NEm intake of 350-kg steers. Trials 1 and 2 each used 70 yearling steers (370.8 +/- 0.04 and 327.9 +/- 0.76 kg initial BW for Trials 1 and 2, respectively). In each year, four 28-d periods from the latter half of June through mid-October were used. Steers were stratified by weight and allotted randomly to treatments in 1 of 10 16-ha pastures (two pastures per treatment for each trial). In Trial 1, diet sampling began in the first 28-d period, but supplementation did not begin until the second 28-d period. In Trial 2, supplementation and diet collection began in the first 28-d period. Cation-anion differences (DCAD; Na + K - Cl - S) for NACL, AS, CAOH, and HF supplements were 151, -735, 160, and 166 mEq/ kg, respectively. In Trial 1, no treatment, period, or treatment x period effects for supplement intake were detected (P > or = 0.29). In Trial 2, a treatment x period interaction for supplement intake occurred (P = 0.005) because HF steers were offered a constant amount of supplement daily, whereas steers fed AS, CAOH, and NACL were allowed to consume ad libitum quantities of supplement. Average daily gain in Trial 1 was not affected (P = 0.21) by supplementation. In Trial 2, NACL, AS, and HF treatments had higher (P < or = 0.07) ADG than CONT. In Trial 1, final weights were not affected by supplementation (P = 0.23). In Trial 2, final weights of NACL- and HF-fed steers were greater than for CONT and CAOH steers (P < 0.10). In Trial 2, CONT steer final weights were lower than all supplemented treatments (P < 0.10). For yearling steers grazing native range, use of NACL as a limiter resulted in increased weight gains compared with using either CAOH or AS; however, no limiter that was tested restricted supplement intake as effectively as HF. More research is necessary to determine the optimum limiter level and the effect of forage quality on supplement intake.

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“…Inclusion of sodium chloride in a palatable supple-)) ment is an obvious possibility and has the advantage that the salt would limit the intake of the supplement (Riggs et al 1953) ' The present experiments were undertaken to test the efficacy of supplements containing sodium chloride in preventing the formation of calculi in calves given prairie hay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Siliceous Urinary Calculi in Calves Given Supplements Containing Large Amounts of Sodium Chloride

Bailey¹

1973

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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The Effect of Self-Feeding Salt-Cottonseed Meal Mixtures to Beef Cows

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of field pea-based creep feed on intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and performance by nursing calves grazing native range in western North Dakota1

Effect of field pea-based creep feed on intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and performance by nursing calves grazing native range in western North Dakota1

Self-limiting supplements fed to cattle grazing native mixed-grass prairie in the northern Great Plains1

Formation of Siliceous Urinary Calculi in Calves Given Supplements Containing Large Amounts of Sodium Chloride

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