The effect of self-discrepancy and discrepancy salience on alcohol consumption

Wolfe, Wendy L.; Maisto, Stephen A.

doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(98)00122-1

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Myopic self-inflation occurs when perceptions of enhanced self-image leading to egoinflated tendencies are manifested after alcohol ingestion (Steele & Josephs, 1988). These drinkers achieve a self-confidence boost by temporarily failing to fully process information about personal limitations and flaws (Sevincer & Oettingen, 2013;Wolfe & Maisto, 2000). Alcohol furnishes people with the liquid courage to navigate social environments by approaching strangers and potential romantic partners (Monahan & Lannutti, 2000;Peele & Brodsky, 2000;Smith, Kendrick, & Maben, 1992).…”

Section: Alcohol Myopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alcohol intake could produce an array of psychological, social, and physical repercussions (Navarro, Doran, & Shakeshaft, 2011). Consumption might yield coveted consequences such as feelings of relaxation (Friedman, McCarthy, Bartholow, & Hicks, 2007) and bolstered perceptions of self-esteem (Sevincer & Oettingen, 2013;Wolfe & Maisto, 2000). Conversely, alcohol use can also furnish undesirable consequences including unprotected sex (Griffin, Umstattd, & Usdan, 2010), aggression (Giancola, 2004), destruction of property (Navarro et al, 2011), sexual assault (Flowe, Stewart, Sleath, & Palmer, 2011), and drunk driving (Fromme, Wetherill, & Neal, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Personality Traits Moderate Connections from Drinking Attitudes to Alcohol Use and Myopic Relief, Self-inflation, and Excess

Lac

Donaldson

2019

Substance Use & Misuse

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Background: Alcohol myopia theory postulates that the level of alcohol use in conjunction with personal cues such as alcohol attitudes and personality traits help to understand the types of consequences manifested. Objectives: This study examined and identified the personality traits that served as predictors and moderators of the risk connections from drinking attitudes to alcohol use to myopia outcomes. Methods: College students (N = 433) completed self-report measures. In a path analysis using structural equation modeling, personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, and neuroticism), drinking attitudes, and personality x drinking attitudes interactions simultaneously served as predictors on the outcomes of alcohol use and myopic relief, selfinflation, and excess. Results: Alcohol attitudes and use consistently emerged as unique predictors of all three myopia outcomes. Extraversion and neuroticism were identified as statistical moderators, but results varied depending on the myopia outcome interpreted. Specifically, extraversion moderated the pathways from attitudes to usage and from attitudes to myopic relief. Neuroticism, however, moderated the relations from attitudes to myopic self-inflation and from attitudes to myopic excess. Conclusions/Importance: Extraverted and neurotic dispositions could exacerbate or attenuate the risk connections from alcohol attitudes to outcomes. Findings offer implications for alcohol prevention efforts designed to simultaneously target drinking attitudes, personality traits, and alcohol myopia.

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Section: Alcohol Myopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality Traits Moderate Connections from Drinking Attitudes to Alcohol Use and Myopic Relief, Self-inflation, and Excess

Lac

Donaldson

2019

Substance Use & Misuse

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“…SDT has been used to explain several psychiatric disorders including addictive disorders. Studies show that substance abusers show a high level of self-discrepancy ( 15 ) and that distress associated with self-discrepancy predicts alcohol consumption ( 16 ). Among addictive disorders, distorted self-image or self-discrepancy in IGD may be clinically more important as IGD-related symptoms occur at a young age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Correlates of Distorted Self-concept in Individuals With Internet Gaming Disorder: A Functional MRI Study

et al. 2018

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Background and aims: Discrepancy between ideal self-guide and actual self-concept evoke dejection-related feeling, and often individuals with internet gaming disorder (IGD) use games as the tool to escape those negative emotions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of self-discrepancy based on actual and ideal self-images and elucidate the neural correlates underlying the distorted self in individuals with IGD.Methods: Nineteen male individuals with IGD and 20 healthy controls (HCs) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging where they decided on whether they agreed with the adjectives describing their actual or ideal self on a four-point Likert Scale. Two-sample t-test on the self-discrepancy contrast was conducted for neuroimaging analysis and correlation analysis was performed between the behavioral data and regional activities.Results: The IGD group evaluated both their ideal self and actual self more negatively than the HC group. Actual self-concept was associated with satisfaction with psychological needs as opposed to ideal self-guide. Brain activity in the inferior parietal lobule was significantly decreased in individuals with IGD relative to HCs in the self-discrepancy contrast. In addition, neural activity during evaluating actual self-concept showed a significant group difference.Conclusion: These results provide novel evidence for distorted self-concept of people with IGD. Individuals with IGD had a negative ideal and actual self-image. Neurobiologically, dysfunction in the inferior parietal lobule associated with emotional regulation and negative self-evaluation was found in IGD. Considering the characteristics of IGD that often develop in adolescence, this self-concept problem should be noted and applied with appropriate therapy.

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“…Self-inflation is personified in terms of enhanced feelings of self-appraisal and even narcissism, as the drinker conveniently overlooks critical information about personal flaws (Banaji & Steele, 1989; Sevincer & Oettingen, 2013; Wolfe & Maisto, 2000). Due to the psychoactive demands of alcohol, an inflated self-image is achieved because attention becomes myopically fixated on the most superficial and salient aspects of the self.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of the Alcohol Myopia Scale.

Lac¹,

Berger²

2013

Psychological Assessment

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Alcohol myopia theory conceptualizes the ability of alcohol to narrow attention and how this demand on mental resources produces the impairments of self-inflation, relief, and excess. The current research was designed to develop and validate a scale based on this framework. People who were alcohol users rated items representing myopic experiences arising from drinking episodes in the past month. In Study 1 (N = 260), the preliminary 3-factor structure was supported by exploratory factor analysis. In Study 2 (N = 289), the 3-factor structure was substantiated with confirmatory factor analysis, and it was superior in fit to an empirically indefensible 1-factor structure. The final 14-item scale was evaluated with internal consistency reliability, discriminant validity, convergent validity, criterion validity, and incremental validity. The alcohol myopia scale (AMS) illuminates conceptual underpinnings of this theory and yields insights for understanding the tunnel vision that arises from intoxication.

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The effect of self-discrepancy and discrepancy salience on alcohol consumption

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Personality Traits Moderate Connections from Drinking Attitudes to Alcohol Use and Myopic Relief, Self-inflation, and Excess

Personality Traits Moderate Connections from Drinking Attitudes to Alcohol Use and Myopic Relief, Self-inflation, and Excess

Neural Correlates of Distorted Self-concept in Individuals With Internet Gaming Disorder: A Functional MRI Study

Development and validation of the Alcohol Myopia Scale.

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