The effect of selenium and zinc on CD4(+) count and opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS patients: a randomized double blind trial

Hadadi, Azar; Ostovar, Afshin; Noor, Behnaz Edalat; Rasoolinejad, Mehrnaz; Abdolbaghi, Mahboobeh Haji; Yousefi, Sahar; Khalili, Hossein; Manshoori, Gita; Khashayar, Patricia; Alipour, Zahra; Safari, Narges

doi:10.1080/17843286.2019.1590023

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…This is consistent with the results of several foreign studies that have indicated that CD4 count and low zinc levels have a positive correlation, although with varying strengths of correlation and statistical significance. [10][11] Kido et al demonstrated that nutritional zinc deficiency causes thymic atrophy and fatty degeneration, which eventually affected T-cell maturation. Zinc supplementation ameliorated thymic fatty degeneration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Other studies have shown a weak positive correlation between zinc and CD4 cell count or a positive association between the two that is not statistically significant. [10][11] Zinc levels have been found to decrease when HIV stage worsens. Likewise, the clinical stages as well as the advanced and severe immunosuppression categories were discovered to be significant predictors of the levels of several micronutrients, including serum zinc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation of whole blood zinc levels, CD4 cell count, HIV disease stage, and dermatologic manifestations among diagnosed HIV patients in a tertiary hospital

Sarne¹,

Gabriel²,

Vista³

et al. 2022

International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology

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Objective: Zinc deficiency is the most common micronutrient abnormality seen in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Depletion of CD4 cells is a hallmark of HIV infection. The study aims to determine the association between whole blood zinc levels and CD4 cell count and stage of HIV infection among patients in a tertiary hospital in the Philippines. Methods: Sixty-five newly diagnosed HIV-positive patients of the institution were recruited. Demographic profile, whole blood zinc levels, CD4 cell count level, HIV disease stage, and presence of any dermatologic manifestations were noted. Prevalence of zinc deficiency and correlation between whole blood zinc levels and CD4 cell count were determined. The data were analyzed by chi-square and pearson correlation analysis. Results: Among the 65 patients, overall zinc deficiency was noted at 33.8%. Low CD4 count and HIV disease stage IV participants had the highest percentage of zinc deficiency at 54.6% and 50%, respectively. A correlation coefficient at r = 0.3364 was noted between whole blood zinc levels and CD4 cell count (P = 0.006). Twenty-nine patients presented with dermatologic manifestations, with 10 patients being zinc deficient. Conclusion: A weak positive correlation was seen between zinc levels and CD4 count. There is an increasing frequency of zinc level deficiency with a higher HIV disease stage. Dermatologic manifestations of HIV may be present in both patients with normal and deficient zinc levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of whole blood zinc levels, CD4 cell count, HIV disease stage, and dermatologic manifestations among diagnosed HIV patients in a tertiary hospital

Sarne¹,

Gabriel²,

Vista³

et al. 2022

International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology

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“…In a systematic review on IVD that included more than 20 studies, a 2 to 3-fold increase in mortality was observed, considering high heterogeneity of its definition [23]. It has also been reported that the risk of developing AIDS-defining and non-defining events is 1.4 times higher, with an RR of 1.43 for presenting any of these events [24,25]. In the study published by Hadadi on HIV patients with a CD4 count >200 cells/mm 3 , a zinc deficiency of 44% was found, and after its supplementation, a reduction in opportunistic infections or an increase in the CD4 count was not demonstrated [26].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 97%

Role and effects of zinc supplementation in HIV-infected patients with immunovirological discordance: A randomized, double blind, case control study

et al. 2021

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Introduction It has been estimated that between 15% and 18% of patients who start antiretroviral therapy (ART) do not achieve a successful immune recovery despite complete virological suppression. In the literature this phenomenom is known as poor immune recovery or immunovirological discordance (IVD). Zinc has an immunomodulatory role associated with T lymphocytes and its supplementation could enhance immune recovery. Objective To determine if zinc supplementation on IVD patients prevents immune failure after 12 months of supplementation. Secondary objectives were to determine serum zinc levels in HIV patients with and without IVD and the frequency of hypozincemia in discordant patients. Method We reviewed the historical record of patients under care at Arriarán Foundation. Following inclusion criteria were defined: 1) age ≥ 18 years, 2) standard ART (three effective drugs) for at least 18 months, 3) virologically suppressed for 12 months, 3) persistence of CD4 count ≤200 cells/mm3 and/or increase ≤ 80 cells/mm3 after one year of viral undetectability. A control group was assigned paired 1:1 by sex, age (± 2 years) that did achieved an increase of CD4> 350 cells/ mm3. In both groups plasma zinc levels were determined. In a later phase, patients with IVD were randomized to receive zinc (15 mg daily) versus placebo. Patients were followed for 12 months with CD4 count, viral load and zinc levels determinations every 4–6 months. Results A total of 80 patients, 40 patients with IVD criteria and 40 controls were included. 92.5% were men, and age average was 47.5 years. The median baseline CD4 was 189 cells/mm3 (71–258) in the cases vs. 552.5 cells/ mm3 (317–400) in the control group with a median increase at the end of the study of 39 cell/mm3 and 19 cell/mm3 respectively. There was no difference in baseline plasma zinc levels between both groups (81.7 + 18.1 in cases versus 86.2 + 11.0 in controls). In the 40 patients with IVD, the median absolute increase in CD4 after annual zinc supplementation was 31.5 cells/mm3 in the treated group versus 50 cells/mm3 in the placebo group, this difference being statistically not significant (p = 0.382). Conclusions Patients with IVD have plasma zinc levels similar to those who achieve adequate immune recovery. Zinc supplementation in IVD patients showed a statistically non-significant difference in in CD4 levels between cases and controls. The results warrant a comparative study with a larger number of patients.

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“…Kamwesiga et al suplementaron durante dos años 200 μg/d de levadura de selenio en individuos sin TAR, reportando retraso en el declive de la cuenta de linfocitos T-CD4+ en comparación con individuos que recibieron placebo (40) . Hadadi et al evaluaron el efecto de la suplementación de 200 μg/d de selenio en conjunto con 50 mg de zinc elemental, no observando cambios en el conteo de células T-CD4+ en sangre periférica (41) .…”

Section: Seleniounclassified

Implicaciones clínicas e inmunológicas de los micronutrientes durante la infección por VIH

Padilla¹,

Moguel

Vargas

et al. 2020

Rev. Nutr. Clin. Metab.

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The effect of selenium and zinc on CD4(+) count and opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS patients: a randomized double blind trial

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Correlation of whole blood zinc levels, CD4 cell count, HIV disease stage, and dermatologic manifestations among diagnosed HIV patients in a tertiary hospital

Correlation of whole blood zinc levels, CD4 cell count, HIV disease stage, and dermatologic manifestations among diagnosed HIV patients in a tertiary hospital

Role and effects of zinc supplementation in HIV-infected patients with immunovirological discordance: A randomized, double blind, case control study

Implicaciones clínicas e inmunológicas de los micronutrientes durante la infección por VIH

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