The effect of seed treatment and depth of sowing on seedling emergence in Primula species

Hitchmough, James; Innes, Sheona N.; Mitschunas, Nadine

doi:10.15258/sst.2011.39.3.01

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Our results show that light significantly increased P. beesiana germination. These results are in agreement with those of previous studies on other Primula species ( Hitchmough et al., 2011 , Peng et al., 2019a , Shimono and Washitani, 2004 , Wang et al., 2017 ). In spring, P. beesiana habitats are generally wet; therefore, this requirement for light, which is a common germination requirement or germination stimulus ( Grime et al., 1981 ), may be an adaptation to wet habitats.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Second, after cold stratification, seeds germinated at significantly higher levels compared to untreated (0) seeds, especially at low temperatures (5–15 °C). This finding confirms that P. beesiana seeds have PD and supports earlier observations of other Primula species ( Baskin and Baskin, 2014 , Hitchmough et al., 2011 , Peng et al., 2019a , Wang et al., 2017 ). The response of P. beesiana seeds to both GA 3 and cold stratification suggests that they have non-deep PD ( Baskin and Baskin, 2004 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In conclusion, we demonstrated that P. beesiana seeds undergo type 3 non-deep physiological dormancy, which is consistent with other Primula species ( Baskin and Baskin, 2014 , Hitchmough et al., 2011 ). We also found that cold stratification, GA 3 and KNO 3 are effective methods for dormancy release.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Cold stratification, temperature, light, GA3, and KNO3 effects on seed germination of Primula beesiana from Yunnan, China

et al. 2020

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Primula beesiana Forr. is an attractive wildflower endemically distributed in the wet habitats of subalpine/alpine regions of southwestern China. This study is an attempt to understand how this plant adapts to wet habitats and high altitudes. Specifically, we examined the effects of cold stratification, light, GA 3 , KNO 3 , and temperature on P. beesiana seed germination. KNO 3 and GA 3 increased germination percentage and germination rate compared to control treatments at 15/5 and 25/15 °C. Untreated seeds germinated well (> 80%) at higher temperatures (20, 25 and 28 °C), whereas at lower (5, 10 and 15 °C) and extremely high temperatures (30 and 32 °C) germination decreased significantly. However, after cold stratification (4–16 weeks), the germination percentage of P. beesiana seeds at low temperatures (5–15 °C) and the germination rate at high temperatures (30 °C) increased significantly, suggesting that P. beesiana has type 3 non-deep physiological dormancy. The base temperature and thermal time for germination decreased in seeds that were cold stratified for 16 weeks. Cold-stratified seeds incubated at fluctuating temperatures (especially at 15/5 °C) had significantly high germination percentages and germination rates in light, but not in dark, compared to the corresponding constant temperature (10 °C). Seeds had a strict light requirement at all temperatures, even after experiencing cold stratification; however, the combinations of cold stratification and fluctuating temperature increased germination when seeds were transferred from dark to light. Such dormancy/germination responses to light and temperature are likely mechanisms that ensure germination occurs only in spring and at/near the soil surface, thus avoiding seedling death by freezing, inundation and/or germination deep in the soil.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Cold stratification, temperature, light, GA3, and KNO3 effects on seed germination of Primula beesiana from Yunnan, China

et al. 2020

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“…Primula L. is a large genus of approximately 430 species with the Hengduan Mountains and eastern Himalayas region supporting the greatest number of species (Yang, 2015). The seeds of many Primula species possess a type 3 non-deep PD and have relatively small size, requiring light for germination; these seed characteristics can easily lead to form a persistent soil seed bank (Milberg, 1994;Hitchmough et al, 2011). However, previous studies have usually focused on Primula species from the low-elevation woodlands or grasslands (Thompson, 1969;Hitchmough et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The seeds of many Primula species possess a type 3 non-deep PD and have relatively small size, requiring light for germination; these seed characteristics can easily lead to form a persistent soil seed bank (Milberg, 1994;Hitchmough et al, 2011). However, previous studies have usually focused on Primula species from the low-elevation woodlands or grasslands (Thompson, 1969;Hitchmough et al, 2011). Little is known of whether similar dormancy and soil seed bank types are found in other species, for example, the species from the highelevation mountainous regions in the Hengduan Mountains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed Dormancy and Soil Seed Bank of the Two Alpine Primula Species in the Hengduan Mountains of Southwest China

Peng

Yang

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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The timing of germination has long been recognized as a key seedling survival strategy for plants in highly variable alpine environments. Seed dormancy and germination mechanisms are important factors that determining the timing of germination. To gain an understanding of how these mechanisms help to synchronize the germination event to the beginning of the growing season in two of the most popular Primula species (P. secundiflora and P. sikkimensis) in the Hengduan Mountains, Southwest China, we explored their seed dormancy and germination characteristics in the laboratory and their soil seed bank type in the field. Germination was first tested using fresh seeds at two alternating temperatures (15/5 and 25/15°C) and five constant temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25°C) in light and dark, and again after dry after-ripening at room temperature for 6 months. Germination tests were also conducted at a range of temperatures (5–30, 25/15, and 15/5°C) in light and dark for seeds dry cold stored at 4°C for 4 years, after which they were incubated under the above-mentioned incubation conditions after different periods (4 and 8 weeks) of cold stratification. Base temperatures (Tb) and thermal times for 50% germination (θ50) were calculated. Seeds were buried at the collection site to test persistence in the soil for 5 years. Dry storage improved germination significantly, as compared with fresh seeds, suggesting after-ripening released physiological dormancy (PD); however, it was not sufficient to break dormancy. Cold stratification released PD completely after dry storage, increasing final germination, and widening the temperature range from medium to both high and low; moreover, the Tb and θ50 for germination decreased. Fresh seeds had a light requirement for germination, facilitating formation of a persistent soil seed bank. Although the requirement reduced during treatments for dormancy release or at lower alternating temperatures (15/5°C), a high proportion of viable seeds did not germinate even after 5 years of burial, showing that the seeds of these two species could cycle back to dormancy if the conditions were unfavorable during spring. In this study, fresh seeds of the two Primula species exhibited type 3 non-deep physiological dormancy and required light for germination. After dormancy release, they had a low thermal requirement for germination control, as well as rapid seed germination in spring and at/near the soil surface from the soil seed bank. Such dormancy and germination mechanisms reflect a germination strategy of these two Primula species, adapted to the same alpine environments.

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Timing of seed germination in two alpine herbs on the southeastern Tibetan plateau: the role of seed dormancy and annual dormancy cycling in soil

Wang

Baskin

et al. 2017

Plant Soil

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The effect of seed treatment and depth of sowing on seedling emergence in Primula species

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Cold stratification, temperature, light, GA3, and KNO3 effects on seed germination of Primula beesiana from Yunnan, China

Cold stratification, temperature, light, GA3, and KNO3 effects on seed germination of Primula beesiana from Yunnan, China

Seed Dormancy and Soil Seed Bank of the Two Alpine Primula Species in the Hengduan Mountains of Southwest China

Timing of seed germination in two alpine herbs on the southeastern Tibetan plateau: the role of seed dormancy and annual dormancy cycling in soil

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