The effect of sea water on the phase assemblage of hydrated cement paste

Weerdt, Klaartje De; Justnes, Harald

doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.09.006

Cited by 127 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Magnesium is present in phases such as brucite (Mg(OH) 2 ) and magnesium silicate hydrate (M-S-H) [10,24]. This zone has been severely leached as the formation of M-S-H is preceded by decalcification of the C-S-H and thereby a lowering of the pH [25]. In addition, this zone has undergone carbonation which is generally associated with a pH below 8.…”

Section: Effect Of Elemental Changes On Chloride Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the understanding of chloride profiles in marine exposed concrete, impact of leaching and moisture content

Weerdt

Orsáková

Müller

et al. 2016

Construction and Building Materials

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Section: Effect Of Elemental Changes On Chloride Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the understanding of chloride profiles in marine exposed concrete, impact of leaching and moisture content

Weerdt

Orsáková

Müller

et al. 2016

Construction and Building Materials

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“…Ref. ) or in a specifically case at the contact zone of cementitious materials with claystone and swelling clays (e.g. in Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkali binding by magnesium silicate hydrates

et al. 2019

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The binding of Na+, K+, and Li+ by magnesium silicate hydrate (M–S–H) was investigated in batch sorption experiments. Sorption isotherms and cation exchange measurements indicated the binding of alkalis in cation exchange sites compensating the negative surface charge of M–S–H. Higher pH values led to further deprotonation of the silanol groups and a higher alkali uptake by M–S–H. No significant incorporation of alkalis in the main silica or magnesium oxide sheets was observed. However, the silica sheets were less polymerized in the presence of higher alkali hydroxide concentrations.

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“…Regarding C–S–H, a recent work refers to the reaction of CO 2 with this phase, but in the particular atmosphere around the Arrigunaga beach, where sulphuric acid aerosols can be present because of the industrial activities, other reaction that transforms the C–S–H could also be considered, like the explained below …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Regarding C-S-H, a recent work refers to the reaction of CO 2 with this phase, [35] but in the particular atmosphere around the Arrigunaga beach, where sulphuric acid aerosols can be present because of the industrial activities, other reaction that transforms the C-S-H could also be considered, like the (4) explained below. [35][36][37][38] The presence of intermediate compounds like portlandite and C-S-H, which might be only detected when performing in-situ analysis, exemplifies the kind of interactions that can occur between the trapped materials and the surrounding environment, either atmosphere and seawaters, denoting that the studied beachrock outcrops can be a daily dynamic system. Indeed, especially in this area the beachrock can be exposed to variable conditions regularly, for instance due to daily humidity changes derived from the semidiurnal tidal regime.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-situand laboratory Raman spectroscopic analysis on beachrock deposits: Characterisation of the trapped materials

Iturregui

Arrieta

Aramendia

et al. 2015

J. Raman Spectrosc.

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Raman spectroscopy, including in-situ and laboratory analyses, were carried out in beachrock outcrops located in temperate latitude (Arrigunaga beach, Bilbao Estuary, North of Spain) to characterise the wide variety of sediments and wastes trapped within the cements. In the examined beachrocks (coastal sedimentary structures formed in the intertidal zone through the early precipitation of carbonates) the presence of abundant slag and anthropogenic wastes is noticeable. In-situ Raman analysis revealed the presence of cristobalite (SiO 2 ), tephroite (Mn 2 SiO 4 ), quartz (SiO 2 ), rhodonite (MnSiO 3 ), labradorite (Ca,Na)(Si,Al) 4 O 8 , hematite (α-Fe 2 O 3 ), gypsum (CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O) and amorphous carbon (C) as the main constituents in the trapped materials. Those were also identified off site together with other phases such as limonite (FeO(OH)·nH 2 O), lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH), arsenopyrite (FeAsS), fayalite (Fe 2 SiO 4 ) and anatase (TiO 2 ). As secondary compounds, portlandite (Ca(OH) 2 ), C-S-H (Ca 3 Si 2 O 7 ·3H 2 O), gypsum and possibly ettringite (3CaO·Al 2 O 3 ·3CaSO 4 ·32H 2 O) were identified only in-situ, and a possible evolution to the more stable thaumasite (3CaO·SiO 2 ·CO 2 ·SO 3 ·15H 2 O) was found in the laboratory analyses. Therefore, the applied methodology and specifically the in-situ Raman spectroscopy analyses resulted particularly valuable, allowing an accurate description of the trapped materials and the compounds formed by hydration and/or sulphate attack (probably from the high level of atmospheric aerosols coming from seawater or industrial activity nearby), giving an insight of the complexity of the examined outcrops.

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The effect of sea water on the phase assemblage of hydrated cement paste

Cited by 127 publications

References 14 publications

Towards the understanding of chloride profiles in marine exposed concrete, impact of leaching and moisture content

Towards the understanding of chloride profiles in marine exposed concrete, impact of leaching and moisture content

Alkali binding by magnesium silicate hydrates

In-situand laboratory Raman spectroscopic analysis on beachrock deposits: Characterisation of the trapped materials

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