The effect of sanitary status degradation and dietary tryptophan content on growth rate and tryptophan metabolism in weaning pigs1

Floc'H, Nathalie Le; LeBellego, Laurent; Matte, J. J.; Melchior, D.; Sève, Bernard

doi:10.2527/jas.2008-1348

Cited by 67 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The other acute-phase protein, haptoglobin, follows the same time course as CRP after a turpentine injection or a surgical trauma (Alava et al, 1997) but persists for a longer time in plasma after an infection with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (Heegaard et al, 1998). Haptoglobin seems more relevant as a marker for chronic infiammation, general pig health, and sanitary status of the environment (Le Floc'h et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of surplus dietary L-tryptophan on stress, immunology, behavior, and nitrogen retention in endotoxemic pigs1

Koopmans

Staay

Floc'H³

et al. 2012

Journal of Animal Science

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The possible beneficial effects of surplus dietary Trp (+5 g of Trp/kg of diet) on factors related to stress, immunology, behavior, and N retention were investigated in postweaning piglets (approximately 15 kg of BW) challenged for 10 d with intravenous bacterial lipopolysaccharide (from Escherichia coli). Two diets fed restrictively (732 kJ of NE/kg of BW(0.75)/d) were compared, 1) a basal diet (apparent ileal digestible Trp = 1.9 g/kg; the recommended amount of Trp to warrant near-optimal growth in nonendotoxemic piglets), and 2) a Trp-enriched basal diet (+5 g of free l-Trp/kg), with 8 individually housed piglets per diet. Pooled salivary cortisol, but not plasma cortisol sampled at euthanasia, showed a tendency (P = 0.07) toward reduced concentrations in the Trp group (1.1 vs. 1.4 ng/mL; pooled SE = 0.1 ng/mL). Plasma C-reactive protein was reduced (P = 0.04) in the Trp group (0.9 vs. 5.0 mg/L; pooled SE = 1.3 mg/L), but haptoglobin, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and lipopolysaccharide-induced fever were similar between the 2 dietary treatments. Physical activity related to approaching a human showed a tendency (P = 0.08) toward increased latency time in the Trp group (101 vs. 60 s; pooled SE = 16 s), but the times spent standing, sitting, and lying were similar between dietary treatments. The ADFI, ADG (346 vs. 302 g/d; pooled SE = 14 g/d; P = 0.11), body N retention (11.6 vs. 11.0 g/d; pooled SE = 0.2 g/d; P = 0.18), and G:F (0.55 vs. 0.49; pooled SE = 0.03; P = 0.17) were not different between the groups fed Trp and the basal diet. In conclusion, surplus dietary Trp had limited effects on stress, immunology, behavior, and N retention in a pig model of systemic endotoxemia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of surplus dietary L-tryptophan on stress, immunology, behavior, and nitrogen retention in endotoxemic pigs1

Koopmans

Staay

Floc'H³

et al. 2012

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Those studies include the experiment of Coates et al (1963) with chickens housed in a germ-free environment and more recent studies comparing pigs reared in good or poor sanitary conditions (Le Floc'h et al, 2009;Le Floc'h et al, 2010). Such changes result essentially from the reduction in feed intake, the redistribution of nutrients from growth towards the immune system response (Johnson, 1997;Spurlock, 1997;Le Floc'h et al, 2004), and the decrease in nutrient digestibility (Le Floc'h et al, 2014).…”

Section: Voluntary Feed Intake and Growth Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological responses of growing pigs to high ambient temperature and/or inflammatory challenges

et al. 2017

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-Global warming is one of the major environmental threats facing the world in the 21st century. This fact will have a significant impact on pig production due to its direct effects on welfare, health, and performance of pigs. Besides, the effects of high temperatures will presumably become more important over the next decades due to the development of pig production in developing countries mainly located in tropical and subtropical areas, where animals are often exposed to ambient temperatures above their thermal comfort zone. Furthermore, pigs reared in tropical areas are often confronted to sanitary challenges including poor hygiene conditions, lack of respect for sanitary rules, and pathogens. This results in the stimulation of the immune system and, as a consequence, in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neuroendocrine adjustments that, in turn, usually have a negative impact on growth and feed efficiency. Although the effects of high ambient temperature and disease on pig physiology and performance have been well documented in literature, little is known about the associated effects of both factors. This understanding may contribute to a better quantification and comprehension of the physiological and metabolic disturbances occurring in practical conditions of pig production in tropical areas and, more generally, in many other geographic areas that will be influenced by the perspective of global warming. Therefore, the objective of this work is to provide an overview of recent research advances on the physiological responses of growing pigs during acclimation to high ambient temperature and on the potential effects of high ambient temperature on the ability of growing pigs to resist, cope with, or recover from an inflammatory challenge.

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“…Poor hygienic conditions reduce growth performance of the pigs (Le Floc'h et al, 2009;Montagne et al, 2012). In the current research, the most noticeable differences observed between both groups of pigs were the greater ADFI and lower PWD in pigs reared under OHC, which resulted in pronounced improvements in ADG without any major effect on feed efficiency.…”

Section: Hygienic Conditions Of the Barnmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Goodband et al (2014) suggested that an increase in the pathogen load in the environment stimulates proinflammatory cytokine production and endocrine shifts, resulting in a decrease in ADFI. In this respect, Le Floc'h et al (2009) suggested that the reduced growth rate observed in pigs kept under PHC was associated with a greater inflammatory response. In addition, PHC increase bacterial density in the barn and reduce microflora diversity in the GIT, reducing health status and growth performance of the piglets (Montagne et al, 2012).…”

Section: Hygienic Conditions Of the Barnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fiber inclusion on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of piglets reared under optimal or poor hygienic conditions12

Berrocoso¹,

Menoyo²,

Guzmán³

et al. 2015

Journal of Animal Science

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ABSTRACT:Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of inclusion of additional fiber in the Phase I diet on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in piglets reared under "optimal" or "poor" hygienic conditions. In both experiments, the design was completely randomized with a control diet that contained 2.2% crude fiber and 8 additional isonutritive diets that included 2.5 or 5.0% of sugar beet pulp (SBP), straw, oat hulls (OH), or wheat middlings (WHM). Preplanned polynomial contrasts were used to study the effects of 1) fiber inclusion (control diet vs. average of the 8 fiber-containing diets), 2) source of fiber, 3) level of fiber, and 4) interaction between source and level of fiber. In Exp. 1 (clean barn), fiber inclusion increased (P < 0.01) the incidence of postweaning diarrhea (PWD) and reduced (P < 0.05) feed efficiency and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of all nutrients except that of CP, which was not affected. Piglet performance was not affected by source or level of dietary fiber. The ATTD of all nutrients decreased (P < 0.05) as the level of fiber increased and was lower in pigs fed straw or OH than in pigs fed SBP or WHM. The apparent ileal digestibility of GE and DM decreased (P < 0.05) with fiber inclusion, a reduction that was more pronounced (P < 0.05) with straw or SBP than with OH inclusion, with WHM inclusion being intermediate. Fiber inclusion did not affect villous height to crypt depth ratio of the ileum mucosa. The inclusion of 5% of a fiber source increased Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus counts in the cecum (P < 0.001) but the E. coli to Lactobacillus ratio was not affected. In Exp. 2 (dirty barn), fiber inclusion did not affect piglet performance but tended to increase PWD (P = 0.07). Also, fiber inclusion reduced (P < 0.05) the ATTD of all dietary components except that of CP, which was not affected. Source and level of fiber did not affect ATTD of nutrients except for DM, which was greater for pigs fed SBP than for pigs fed straw (P < 0.05). In conclusion, in the current research, pigs reared under optimal hygienic conditions had lower incidence of PWD, better growth performance, and greater DM and GE digestibility than pigs reared under poor hygienic conditions. An excess of dietary fiber was more detrimental for all these traits in piglets reared under optimal hygienic conditions. The effects of the source and level of fiber on piglet performance was limited in the 2 experiments.

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The effect of sanitary status degradation and dietary tryptophan content on growth rate and tryptophan metabolism in weaning pigs1

Cited by 67 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of surplus dietary L-tryptophan on stress, immunology, behavior, and nitrogen retention in endotoxemic pigs1

Effects of surplus dietary L-tryptophan on stress, immunology, behavior, and nitrogen retention in endotoxemic pigs1

Physiological responses of growing pigs to high ambient temperature and/or inflammatory challenges

Effects of fiber inclusion on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of piglets reared under optimal or poor hygienic conditions12

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