The effect of sampling technique on some blood parameters in the rat

Upton, Penney; Morgan, David

doi:10.1258/002367775780994655

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Serum glucose levels were prominently higher than ether, as well as than in resting values [19], which is similar to results published by Upton and Morgan [29]. However, ether is known to increase plasma glucose levels [4], and this change is more significant compared with pentobarbitone when it is measured after 15 min exposure in fasted rats [6].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…This may also support the notion that serum corticosterone levels increase linearly at least until 15 min after the first handling [9]. On the contrary, differences in total protein values were significantly lower in pentobarbitone treated mice, which agrees with Upton and Morgan [29], probably due to dilution of blood by the injected solution since all other erythrocytic parameters were also indicative of haemodilution. The fact that pentobarbitone reduced serum ACTH agrees with Buckingham [5], who showed that it inhibited the morphine-induced secretion of corticotrophin-releasing-factor by directly affecting the hypothalamus.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

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Diluted Isoflurane as a Suitable Alternative for Diethyl ether for Rat Anaesthesia in Regular Toxicology Studies

Nagate

Chino

Nishiyama

et al. 2007

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Despite its explosive properties and toxicity to both animals and humans, diethyl ether is an agent long used in Japan in the anaesthesia jar method of rat anaesthetises. However, in response to a recent report from the Science Council of Japan condemning diethyl ether as acceptable practice, we searched for an alternative rat anaesthesia method that provided data continuous with pre-existing regular toxicology studies already conducted under diethyl ether anaesthesia. For this, we examined two candidates; 30% isoflurane diluted with propylene glycol and pentobarbitone. Whereas isoflurane is considered to be one of the representatives of modern volatile anaesthetics, the method of propylene glycol-diluted 30% isoflurane used in this study was our modification of a recently reported method revealed to have several advantages as an inhalation anaesthesia. Intraperitoneal pentobarbitone has long been accepted as a humane method in laboratory animal anaesthesiology. These 2 modalities were scrutinized in terms of consistency of haematology and blood chemistry with previous results using ether. We found that pentobarbitone required a much longer induction time than diethyl ether, which is suspected to be the cause of fluctuations in several haematological and blood chemical results. Conversely, only calcium ion concentration showed a slight difference from traditional results in the case of 30% isoflurane. Additionally, serum prolactin and corticosterone levels indicated that 30% isoflurane induced less stress than ether, confirming that 30% isoflurane can both provide results consistent with diethyl ether, while at the same time remove its disadvantages. As such 30% isoflurane appears to be a strong alternative anaesthetic agent for future regular toxicology studies in Japan.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Diluted Isoflurane as a Suitable Alternative for Diethyl ether for Rat Anaesthesia in Regular Toxicology Studies

Nagate

Chino

Nishiyama

et al. 2007

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…The effects of hycrochloric acid when added to the diet here was also less marked than that of ammonium chloride given to rats via a stomach tube at 4 mmol. 300 g -1 body weight 2 h before sampling [Upton and Morgan, 1975]. In comparison with results obtained previously [L'Estrange and Murphy, 1972;L'Estrange and McNamara, 1975;Morgan and L'Estrange, 1976] it appears that the blood acid-base balance of the rat is less affected by dietary HCI than that of sheep or cattle.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Effects of Chronic Hydrochloric and Lactic Acid Administrations on Food Intake, Blood Acid‐base Balance and Bone Composition of the Rat

Upton

L'Estrange

1977

Exp Physiol

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In experiment 1, weanling rats were given, for 7 weeks, a commercial rat diet supplemented with hydrochloric acid at levels up to 560 mmol.kg-1 dry matter. The supplement increased water intake but did not significantly affect food intake, live-weight gain, blood haemoglobin and haematocrit values or acid-base balance. In experiment 2, adult rats were given, for 9 weeks, a commercial rat diet supplemented with hydrochloric acid at levels up to 1250 mmol.kg-1 dry matter. Food intake and liveweight gain were not affected by hydrochloric acid concentration up to 625 mmol but at 938 and 1250 mmol.kg-they were considerably reduced and there was 100% mortality of the rats. In experiment 3, weanling rats were given, for 12 weeks, a commercial rat diet supplemented with hydrochloric or lactic acid each at 300, 600 and 900 mmol.kg' I dry matter. Lactic acid at the three levels and hydrochloric acid at the two lower levels did not affect food intake or liveweight gain and had only a slight effect on blood acid-base balance. At a dietary concentration of 900 mmol.kg-' dry matter, hydrochloric acid decreased food intake, induced a mild degree of metabolic acidosis and resulted in 30 % mortality of the rats. In the three experiments, the acid treatments did not directly affect the length or composition of the femur of the rats.A method of preservation of green fodder as silage for ruminants, by acidifying with strong mineral acids, was developed by Virtanen [1933]. This process, known as the AIV treatment, has been used also for the preservation of fish and fish offal as fish silage for use as animal feeds [Petersen, 1953;Tatterson 1976]. While it is generally recommended that these products should be neutralized before feeding, there is little experimental evidence on whether or not it is necessary to do so. The physiological effects of mineral acid loading has been studied on many species, e.g. in rats [Barzel and Jowsey, 1969;Janicki 1970;Newell and Beauchere 1975], in dogs [Schwartz, 0rning and Porter, 1957], in pigs [Scott and McIntosh, 1975] and in sheep [Braithwaite, 1972]. A common feature with all the species is that blood pH and plasma bicarbonate content may be reduced, accompanied by a decrease in urine pH and an increase in urinary excretion of ammonia and calcium. Evidence was obtained by Barzel and Jowsey [1969] that the increased excretion of urinary calcium was accompanied by a loss of bone tissue resulting from an increase in bone resorption, but this was not confirmed by Newell and Beauchere [1975].With sheep, it has been shown that supplementation of a grass meal diet with sulphuric or hydrochloric acid decreased voluntary food intake [L'Estrange

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“…Nevertheless, the values were found to be well maintained (Table 1); Pco 2 in the normoglycemic STZ-D group was higher than in the nondiabetic group (P < 0.05) but remained within published limits for nonanesthetized rats (14). Hemoglobin values ranged from 8.1 to 14.8 g/dl and were not significantly different between groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Effects of Maternal Diabetes on Placental Transfer of Glucose in Rats

Thomas

Eriksson²,

Eriksson³

1990

Diabetes

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In situ perfusion of the fetal side of the anesthetized rat placenta was used to monitor glucose fluxes in nondiabetic, streptozocin-induced diabetic (STZ-D), acutely hyperglycemic nondiabetic, and acutely normoglycemic STZ-D rats. STZ-D resulted in increased accumulation of glucose in the perfusate during a single passage through the fetal vasculature compared with nondiabetic rats, and this increase was maintained in normoglycemic STZ-D rats, indicating glucose release from placental stores. The fractional clearance of 3-O-[14C]methylglucose, a nonmetabolizable glucose analogue, across the placenta was decreased in both STZ-D groups compared with nondiabetic rats but unchanged in hyperglycemic nondiabetic rats, implying a reduction in glucose transporters in diabetic placentas. The difference between the transfer of D-[3H]glucose and 3-O-[14C]methylglucose indicated that 17% of the glucose was retained while traversing the placenta of nondiabetic rats, whereas a smaller percentage (8%) but a larger absolute amount (9 vs. 6 mumol/h) of glucose was retained by the placentas of the severely STZ-D rats. This retention was markedly enhanced in hyperglycemic nondiabetic rats and STZ-D rats when rendered normoglycemic. The net accumulation of perfusate glucose was less than that predicted from radiolabeled transfer data, indicating that glucose is also back transferred from the perfusate to the mother's placenta. We conclude that maternal diabetes markedly affects placental glucose flux.

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The effect of sampling technique on some blood parameters in the rat

Cited by 38 publications

References 9 publications

Diluted Isoflurane as a Suitable Alternative for Diethyl ether for Rat Anaesthesia in Regular Toxicology Studies

Diluted Isoflurane as a Suitable Alternative for Diethyl ether for Rat Anaesthesia in Regular Toxicology Studies

Effects of Chronic Hydrochloric and Lactic Acid Administrations on Food Intake, Blood Acid‐base Balance and Bone Composition of the Rat

Effects of Maternal Diabetes on Placental Transfer of Glucose in Rats

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