The Effect of Salt Stress on Proline Content in Maize (Zea mays)

Pingle, Shruti Nilesh; Suryawanshi, Shruti Tanaji; Pawar, Kiran Ramesh; Harke, Sanjay

doi:10.3390/environsciproc2022016064

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In addition, they contribute to the protection of enzymes and the integrity of membrane structures. These solutes exhibit high hydrophilic properties, allowing them to potentially substitute water molecules around nucleic acids, proteins, and membranes during water shortages [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Maize Hybrids under Recurrent Water Stress at Early Vegetative Stage

Kumdee,

Molla,

Kanavittaya

et al. 2023

Agriculture

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Rapid climate change may put future food security under threat, which emphasizes the significance of assessing the morpho-physiological and biochemical traits associated with maize tolerance against recurrent water stress at the early vegetative stage. Three maize varieties (V1, SUWAN2301; V2, SUWAN4452; and V3, S7328) and three water levels (I1, daily watering as the control; I2, watering every two days as the short stress; and I3, watering every four days as the prolonged stress) were employed in a factorial design pot experiment. During the experiment, I1’s soil moisture content (SMC) was maintained at almost 100% of its field capacity (FC), whereas I2 and I3’s volumetric SMC dropped to an average of 22.10% and 11.57%, respectively, following a stress phase. Fourteen distinct characteristics of maize were investigated at 5, 9, and 13 days after watering treatment initiation (DAWTI). The findings revealed that water levels significantly influenced all the tested traits (p < 0.05), except for a few traits at 5 or 9 DAWTI only, whereas the maize variety significantly influenced most of the studied attributes (p < 0.05). Except for proline content in leaf (PrL) and root (PrR); total soluble sugar in leaf (TSSL) and root (TSSR); and root length to shoot length ratio (RL:SL), the value of all analyzed characters was higher under I1 compared to I2 and I3. However, during the first recovery period (RP), the recovery rate (RR) of stem perimeter (SP), root length (RL), root dry weight (RDW), leaf water potential (LWP), leaf greenness (LG), and TSSL were higher in I2, whereas leaf area (LA) and RL:SL was higher in I3. However, in the second RP, the RR of plant height (PH), SP, RL, LWP, LG, and TSSL were higher in I3, whereas LA, RDW, RL:SL, PrL, PrR, and TSSR were higher in I2 compared to each other. Under I3, the RR of biochemical traits, i.e., PrL (29.45%) and TSSR (20.23%), were higher in the first RP, and PrR (20.74%) and TSSL (15.22%) were higher in the second RP. However, the variety V1 could recover more after a re-watering, and, in the second RP, it performed better in the case of LA (120.14%), PH (18.41%), SP (19.94%), RL (17.74%), Shoot dry weight (SDW) (56.82%), RDW (11.97%), LG (0.05%), PrR (42.55%), TSSL (18.54%), and TSSR (22.87%) than other varieties. The maize varieties performed differently under I1 and I3 according to the principal component analysis and stress tolerance index. The variety V1 exhibited superior performance under both water levels. The biplot analysis highlighted the importance of traits, such as PrL, RL, TSSL, TSSR, PrR, and RL:SL, in water-stressed conditions. However, re-watering following a water stress period triggered the recovery rates in most traits, particularly after the second four-day stress period, and variety V1 performed better as well. Nonetheless, more research on a genomic and molecular level is required to gain a deeper understanding of the precise processes of drought tolerance in maize, particularly under recurring water stress circumstances.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Maize Hybrids under Recurrent Water Stress at Early Vegetative Stage

Kumdee,

Molla,

Kanavittaya

et al. 2023

Agriculture

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“…One of the reactions of plants to salinity stress is the observed increase in the accumulation of compatible substances, including proline that supports plants’ adaptation to stress conditions. Many studies [ 78 , 90 , 91 ] indicate that proline accumulation occurs in plants under salt stress. In our research, free proline content was five-fold higher at 400 mM NaCl without Si application in comparison with the control plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological, Biochemical, and Epigenetic Reaction of Maize (Zea mays L.) to Cultivation in Conditions of Varying Soil Salinity and Foliar Application of Silicon

Tobiasz-Salach

Mazurek

Jacek

2023

IJMS

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Soil salinity is one of the basic factors causing physiological, biochemical and epigenetic changes in plants. The negative effects of salt in the soil environment can be reduced by foliar application of silicon (Si). The study showed some positive effects of Si on maize plants (Zea mays L.) grown in various salinity conditions. At high soil salinity (300 and 400 mM NaCl), higher CCI content was demonstrated following the application of 0.2 and 0.3% Si. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (PI, FV/F0, Fv/Fm and RC/ABS) were higher after spraying at 0.3 and 0.4% Si, and plant gas exchange (Ci, PN, gs, E) was higher after spraying from 0.1 to 0.4% Si. Soil salinity determined by the level of chlorophyll a and b, and carotenoid pigments caused the accumulation of free proline in plant leaves. To detect changes in DNA methylation under salt stress and in combination with Si treatment of maize plants, the methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) technique was used. The overall DNA methylation level within the 3′CCGG 5′ sequence varied among groups of plants differentially treated. Results obtained indicated alterations of DNA methylation in plants as a response to salt stress, and the effects of NaCl + Si were dose-dependent. These changes may suggest mechanisms for plant adaptation under salt stress.

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“…Proline is a proteinogenic amino acid that accumulates naturally in plants under various biotic and abiotic stress ( Hare and Cress, 1997 ; El Moukhtari et al., 2020 ; Pingle et al., 2022 ). Accumulation of proline in cytosol and plastids of plant tissues engenders the adjustment of cellular osmotic pressure and maintains the plant’s cell turgidity ( Szepesi and Szollosi, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agro-morphological and biochemical responses of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd. var: ICBA-Q5) to organic amendments under various salinity conditions

El Mouttaqi,

Sabraoui,

Belcaid

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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In the Sahara Desert, due to drought and salinity and poor soil fertility, very limited crop choice is available for the farmers to grow crops. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has shown promising under such conditions in the South of Morocco, a true representative site of Sahara Desert. Soil organic amendments have the potential to minimize negative effects of soil salinity and improve crop production. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the impact of nine organic amendments on quinoa (var. ICBA-Q5) growth, productivity, and biochemical parameters under saline irrigation water application (4, 12, and 20 dS·m-1). Results of the experiment indicate a significant effect of organic amendments on major agro-morphological and productivity parameters. Biomass and seed yield tends to decrease with the rise of salinity level, and organic amendments have improved productivity compared to the non-treated control. However, salinity stress alleviation was assessed by determining pigments concentration, proline content, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity. Therefore, the action of organic amendments varies from one level of salinity to another. Furthermore, a remarkably significant decrease in total saponin content was reached due to the application of amendments even at high saline conditions (20 dS·m-1). The results demonstrate the possibility of enhancing the productivity of quinoa as an alternative food crop under salinity conditions by using organic amendments and improving the quality of grains (saponin reduction) during the pre-industrialization process.

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The Effect of Salt Stress on Proline Content in Maize (Zea mays)

Abstract: This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Maize Hybrids under Recurrent Water Stress at Early Vegetative Stage

Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Maize Hybrids under Recurrent Water Stress at Early Vegetative Stage

Physiological, Biochemical, and Epigenetic Reaction of Maize (Zea mays L.) to Cultivation in Conditions of Varying Soil Salinity and Foliar Application of Silicon

Agro-morphological and biochemical responses of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd. var: ICBA-Q5) to organic amendments under various salinity conditions

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