The effect of salt and particle concentration on the dynamic self-assembly of detonation nanodiamonds in water

Eldemrdash, Samir; Nixon-Luke, Reece; Thomsen, Lars; Tadich, Anton; Lau, D. W. M.; Chang, Shery L. Y.; Greaves, Tamar L.; Bryant, Gary; Reineck, Philipp

doi:10.1039/d1nr04847c

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The spectra for center diamond-like carbon show a clear sp 3 signal at about 292 eV, without π* peak detected. It agrees well with the K-edge of diamond obtained in relevant experiments [ 42 , 44 ], further identifying its diamond-like features. As for the carbon atoms at the diamond–graphite margin, the XAS spectra are dominated by the σ* peak, with a small shoulder peak corresponding to the excitation to π* orbital (~278 eV).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

The Structure Properties of Carbon Materials Formed in 2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene Detonation: A Theoretical Insight for Nucleation of Diamond-like Carbon

Huang

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The structure and properties of nano-carbon materials formed in explosives detonation are always a challenge, not only for the designing and manufacturing of these materials but also for clearly understanding the detonation performance of explosives. Herein, we study the dynamic evolution process of condensed-phase carbon involved in 2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TATB) detonation using the quantum-based molecular dynamics method. Various carbon structures such as, graphene-like, diamond-like, and “diaphite”, are obtained under different pressures. The transition from a C sp2- to a sp3-hybrid, driven by the conversion of a hexatomic to a non-hexatomic ring, is detected under high pressure. A tightly bound nucleation mechanism for diamond-like carbon dominated by a graphene-like carbon layer is uncovered. The graphene-like layer is readily constructed at the early stage, which would connect with surrounding carbon atoms or fragments to form the tetrahedral structure, with a high fraction of sp3-hybridized carbon. After that, the deformed carbon layers further coalesce with each other by bonding between carbon atoms within the five-member ring, to form the diamond-like nucleus. The complex “diaphite” configuration is detected during the diamond-like carbon nucleation, which illustrates that the nucleation and growth of detonation nano-diamond would accompany the intergrowth of graphene-like layers.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

The Structure Properties of Carbon Materials Formed in 2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene Detonation: A Theoretical Insight for Nucleation of Diamond-like Carbon

Huang

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…It should be noted that the dispersion behavior of non-functionalized DNP colloids at a low salt concentration and particle concentration range has recently been thoroughly discussed elsewhere . Nevertheless, our results as well as the previously reported literature concur that multiple factors could deviate the DLS results from the actual particle/aggregate sizes and therefore the importance of including Cryo-TEM analysis in addition to DLS is highlighted again.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Steric Interaction of Polyglycerol-Functionalized Detonation Nanodiamonds

et al. 2022

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Detonation nanodiamonds have found numerous potential applications in a diverse array of fields such as biomedical imaging and drug delivery. Here, we systematically characterized non-functionalized and polyglycerol-functionalized detonation nanodiamond particles (DNPs) dispersed in aqueous suspensions at different ionic strengths (∼1.0 × 10–7 to 1.0 × 10–2 M) via dynamic light scattering and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. For these colloidal suspensions, the total potential energies of interactions between a pair of DNPs were theoretically calculated using the Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) theory plus the fitting of the Boltzmann distribution to the interparticle spacing distribution of the colloidal DNPs. These investigations revealed that the non-functionalized DNPs are dispersed in aqueous media through the long-range (>10 nm) and weak (<7 k B T) electrical double-layer repulsive interaction, while the driving force on dispersion of polyglycerol-functionalized DNPs is mostly derived from the short-range (<2 nm) and strong (∼55 k B T) steric repulsive potential barrier generated by the polyglycerol. Moreover, our results show that the truly monodispersed and individually dispersed DNP colloids, forming no aggregates in aqueous suspensions, are available by both functionalizing DNPs by polyglycerol and increasing ionic strength of suspending media to ≳1.0 × 10–2 M.

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“…However, with further concentrating NaCl in the solution, the particles enlarged, indicating the aggregation of lignin particles owing to significantly weakened particle interactions via electrostatic shielding. 45 The obtained results are in accordance with the Derjaguin−Landau−Verwey−Overbeek (DLVO) theory of colloidal stability, which predicts that an increase in the salt concentration leads to a decrease in the electrostatic repulsion between particles. 46 Therefore, these results suggested that all carboxyalkylated lignin nanoparticle samples exhibited stability in the ionic strength range of 1 to 100 mM, while LNP was stable up to the salt concentration of 10 mM owing to the low concentration of anionic functional groups on its surface.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Still, the D H of carboxyalkylated LNPs insignificantly changed upon concentrating the NaCl concentration to 100 mM. However, with further concentrating NaCl in the solution, the particles enlarged, indicating the aggregation of lignin particles owing to significantly weakened particle interactions via electrostatic shielding . The obtained results are in accordance with the Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) theory of colloidal stability, which predicts that an increase in the salt concentration leads to a decrease in the electrostatic repulsion between particles .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Carboxyalkylated Lignin Nanoparticles with Enhanced Functionality for Oil–Water Pickering Emulsion Systems

Shomali

Fatehi

2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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This paper discusses the creation of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) from carboxyalkylated kraft lignin with different grafted alkyl side chains (ranging from methyl to pentadaceyl). LNPs could be produced through an aqueous-based acid precipitation of carboxyalkylated lignin. Unmodified LNPs were smaller and more rigid than the carboxyalkylated ones, and by increasing the alkyl chain length, the size and softness of carboxyalkylated LNPs increased. The obtained carboxyalkylated lignin nanoparticles were stable for at least 30 days and exhibited high stability at ionic strengths up to 100 mM, while unmodified LNPs were more sensitive to dispersion salinities. It was also observed that carboxyalkylated LNPs with longer chain lengths had more significant interaction with a solid surface as they adsorbed more abundantly and formed a denser and thinner adsorbed layer. When the LNPs were applied to stabilize xylene-in-water systems, the carboxyalkylated LNPs with more extensive chain lengths exhibited a higher affinity with the oil−water interface and generated a dense adlayer of the nanoparticles on the oil exterior. They also reduced the oil droplet size and formulated more viscous and stable emulsions. On the other hand, unmodified LNPs had more limited adsorption on the oil and formed less stable Pickering emulsions. Overall, the results suggest a novel green process for producing amphiphilic carboxyalkylated lignin nanoparticles with enhanced performance in stabilizing oil−water Pickering emulsions.

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The effect of salt and particle concentration on the dynamic self-assembly of detonation nanodiamonds in water

Abstract: Detonation nanodiamonds self-assemble into fractal-like structures in aqueous suspensions. Our work shows that the size and shape of these structures strongly depend on the particle concentration but not on the ionic strength of the suspension.

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

The Structure Properties of Carbon Materials Formed in 2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene Detonation: A Theoretical Insight for Nucleation of Diamond-like Carbon

The Structure Properties of Carbon Materials Formed in 2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene Detonation: A Theoretical Insight for Nucleation of Diamond-like Carbon

Steric Interaction of Polyglycerol-Functionalized Detonation Nanodiamonds

Carboxyalkylated Lignin Nanoparticles with Enhanced Functionality for Oil–Water Pickering Emulsion Systems

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